Chapter 3 The Road to Revolution

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Chapter 3The Road to Revolution
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The Southern Colonies

• Jamestown the first permanent English
  settlement in America
• Founded in 1607 on the James River
• Settled near the marshes and swamps
• Suffered disease and death

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Powhatan

• John Smith took control
• Men thought they were too good for farming
• Dont work dont eat
• Powhatan helped colonists
• Population went from 400 to 60 in one year

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Daily Life in Virginia

• High death rate caused a labor shortage
• Indentured Servants agreed to work 4 to 7 years
  for those who paid for their journey
• As the cost of slaves fell, slave labor increased
• Bacons Rebellion - Bacon and his followers
  attacked and burned Jamestown

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Other Southern Colonies

• Maryland was founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore
• Founded by Catholics but Protestants soon began
  moving there
• Tensions rose
• Toleration Act of 1649 made it a crime to
  restrict the religious rights of Christians (Lord
  Baltimore)

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Carolinas and Georgia

• Originally founded in 1633, Carolina was
  separated into North and South Carolina in 1712
• North mostly former servants and farmers that
  moved from Virginia
• South mostly settlers from Europe
• Georgia founded in 1732 by James Oglethorpe
• Originally meant to block a Spanish attack

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Economy of Southern Colonies

• Many small farms/some large plantations
• Warm climate and long growing season
• Cash crops sold for profit
• Tobacco, rice, and indigo
• Slaves were the main source of labor
• Slave codes laws to control slaves

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New England Colonies

• Puritans - wanted to reform the Anglican Church
• Pilgrims separatist group that left England to
  escape persecution
• Immigrants people who left the country of their
  birth to live in another country

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Mayflower Compact

• Mayflower ship
• Landed at Plymouth Rock in present- day
  Massachusetts
• Mayflower Compact legal contract in which they
  agreed to have fair laws to protect the general
  good
• Squanto helped the Pilgrims to survive

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Great Migration

• Economic, political, and religious problems led
  to the Great Migration
• More than 40,000 moved to New England

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New England Economy

• Harsh climate and rocky soil
• Few cash crops
• Slavery was not important
• Trading was important
• Fishing became one of the leading industries
• As trade grew, shipbuilding grew

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Education in New England

• Parents wanted their kids to be able to read the
  bible
• More schools in New England than in any other
  colonies
• Children went to work after elementary grades
• Harvard 1636
• William and Mary 1693

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Middle Colonies

• Dutch found New Netherland (New York) and New
  Amsterdam (New York City)
• Quakers were a large religious group in New
  Jersey
• William Penn found Pennsylvania 1681

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Economy of Middle Colonies

• Good climate and rich land
• Staple crops crops that are always needed
• Indentured servants filled most labor needs
• Exported wheat to Britain and the West Indies

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Life in the Colonies

• Each colony had a governor
• The center of politics was the town meeting
• Town meeting people talked about and decided on
  issues of local interest
• Parliament replaced King James II and passed the
  English Bill of Rights, which reduced the powers
  of the English monarch

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English Trade Laws

• England wanted to control the colonies to earn
  money from trade
• Navigation acts limited the trading of colonists
• Triangular trade goods and slaves were traded
  among the colonies, Britain, and Africa
• Slaves were brought across the ocean in a voyage
  called the Middle Passage

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Great Awakening and Enlightenment

• Ministers began holding revivals
• Great Awakening religious movement that swept
  through the colonies in the 1730s and 1740s
• Enlightenment spread the idea that reason and
  logic could improve society in the 1700s
• John Locke people have the right to equality
  and liberty

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Causes of French and Indian War

• The British and French both wanted to control the
  Ohio Valley territory in North America.

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• The British wanted to settle in the Ohio Valley
  and the French wanted it for the fur trade.

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Outcome

• The war officially ended with a British victory
  and with the signing of the Treaty of Paris on
  February 10, 1763.

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Political Consequences
Great Britain Ruled Canada All lands east of
the Mississippi River Except New Orleans
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FRANCE Kept sugar colonies in the
Caribbean Small fishing islands near Canada
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SPAIN Gave Florida to Great Britain Got
Louisiana Territory and New Orleans from France
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Economic Consequences

• Most of the war was fought in America, so the
  British government thought the colonists should
  help pay for it.
• Britain imposed a series of taxes without
  consulting colonial governments.

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Proclamation of 1763

• Due to Pontiacs Rebellion, King George III
  issued the Proclamation of 1763.
• Colonists were forbidden from settling west of
  the Appalachian Mountains.

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Stamp Act

• The Stamp Act of 1765 was passed by Great
  Britain.
• It required all legal documents, permits,
  commercial contracts, newspapers, pamphlets, and
  playing cards in the American colonies to carry a
  tax stamp.

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Stamp Act

• The act was made to reduce the cost of
  maintaining the military presence protecting the
  colonies.
• Colonists threatened tax collectors with tarring
  and feathering.

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Declaratory Act

• British Parliament decided to repeal the Stamp
  Act since no one was obeying it.
• At the same time, they passed the Declaratory Act
  which was an attempt to control the behavior of
  the colonies.

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Colonial Opposition

• No Taxation Without Representation became a
  rallying cry for colonists.
• Americans didnt feel they should have to pay
  taxes when they did not have anyone to represent
  them in parliament.

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Sons of Liberty

• This group formed as a result of the Stamp Act
• Many times they would seize the stamps or the
  papers that were stamped and burn them.

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Sons of Liberty

• Samuel Adams and Paul Revere headed the Sons of
  Liberty in Massachusetts.
• They enforced boycotts and occasionally resorted
  to violence.

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Quartering Act

• This act was passed to require colonists to pay
  for housing and feeding British soldiers that
  were staying in their area.

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Townshend Acts

• The Townshend Acts called for new import taxes on
  glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea.  In March,
  1770, the Townshend Acts were repealed except for
  the tax on tea.
• The Sons of Liberty protested and attacked
  customs officials.
• British troops were sent to Boston.

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Boston Massacre

• On March 5, 1770 the Boston Massacre occurred
  when a few troops fired on Bostonians who were
  throwing snowballs at them. The soldiers and
  their officer were charged with murder. A jury
  found the officer and six soldiers acted in
  self-defense and were not guilty.

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Boston Massacre

• Engraving by Paul Revere

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Boston Tea Party

• When repealing the Townshend Acts, British
  Parliament kept the tea tax.
• A group of colonists, led by Samuel Adams and
  Paul Revere disguised themselves as Native
  Americans, boarded ships on the night of Dec. 16,
  1773, and threw the tea into the harbor.

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Boston Tea Party
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Intolerable Acts

• The British government responded by closing the
  port of Boston and passed the Intolerable Acts.
  The Boston Tea Party eventually proved to be one
  of the many causes that led to the American
  Revolution.

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Intolerable Acts
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Massachusetts Government Act

• The fourth was the Massachusetts Government Act.
  This happened on May 20,1774.
• It gave the British control of the town meetings
  and took control out of the colonists' hands.

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Quartering Act

• First was the Quartering Act. It was passed on
  March 24, 1765.
• It said that colonists were to house any British
  soldier who came to their door and asked to
  stay.

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Boston Port Act

• The second was the Boston Port Act. This bill
  was passed on June 1, 1774.
• This bill closed the port of Boston until the
  damages from the Boston Tea Party were paid for.

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Administration of Justice Act

• The third was the Administration of Justice Act.
  It was passed on May 20, 1774.
• This bill said that British officials would not
  be able to be tried in colonial courts. They
  would be sent back to Britain and tried there.