England

1
Introduction

• Englands Thirteen Colonies were located on the
  Atlantic Coast in-between French Canada and
  Spanish Florida.
• The Thirteen Colonies can be divided into three
  regions. Each region was unique and gave the
  English a wide variety of opportunities and
  personalities.

2
New England
The Middle Colonies
The South
3
New England
The Middle Colonies
The South
13 Colonies Map
4
Climate, Resources People

• Long winters rocky soils
• Fishing, Shipbuilding, Trade, and Smuggling
• Heavy reliance on the Atlantic Ocean
• People relied on Subsistence Farming produced
  enough for themselves a little extra for
  trading
• Settlers from England made up the largest groups
  of the regions population
• John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Rush

5
People, continued

• African Americans
• Slavery wasnt economical in New England because
  they werent needed for farming.
• Many slaves worked in houses or were hired out
  for various jobs.
• Slaves could eventually save enough money to
  purchase their freedom.

6
Government

• John Winthrop was Massachusetts first governor
• The New England Way used by Puritans to
  describe their beliefs society
• The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut extended
  voting rights to non-church members limited the
  governors power

7
Economy

• Land was sold to large groups often Puritan
  congregations.
• As a result towns grew in a way that was
  conducive to trade.
• Towns usually centered around a green a
  central square where many public activities took
  place.

8
Economy, Continued ...

• Triangular Trade
• part of three types of trade NE colonies engaged
  in
• Iron, rum exchanged for slaves and gold VERY
  PROFITABLE
• Navigation Acts of 1651
• Law passed by the English in an attempt to get a
  cut out of New Englands wealthy trade. Difficult
  for the English to enforce.
• Pirates like Blackbeard disrupted colonial
  shipping

9
Social Religious Changes

• Early 1700s saw many changes to Puritan society
• Drive for economic success competed w/Puritan
  ideals
• Increased competition from other religious groups
• Political changes
• England granted religious freedom for all
  Protestants, not just Puritans

10
The Middle Colonies
New England
The South
13 Colonies Map
11
Climate, Resources People

• Shorter winters and more fertile soil
• Climate was good for farming livestock
• Excellent ports and river systems (New York, NY
  on the Hudson Philadelphia, PA on the Delaware)
• Exported grain, furs, and whale oil and imported
  manufactured goods
• Ship building
• New York and Philly developed and expanded
  quickly
• Rivaled the nicest cities of England.

12
People, Continued

• Was known for its diversity.
• Heavy German influence in the region
• German craftsman and artisans created many
  important goods
• Long rifles, iron works, glass, furniture, and
  dinner ware.

13
Government

• Proprietors like The Duke of York (New York),
  King Charles II, and William Penn (Pennsylvania)
  owned most of the land grants
• Set up colonies to compete with Dutch
• Penns Woods later grants portion of land to
  Delaware colony

14
Climate of Tolerance

• The wide variety of groups made it difficult for
  one group to dominate over another
• As a result, there was a great deal of tolerance
  in the Middle Colonies, EXCEPT towards...

African Americans

• Some were slaves and some were free. Either way
  they worked as laborers, servants, drivers,
  sailors, and assistants
• Racial tensions did exist, especially in NYC.
• Violence was used by both sides but African
  Americans were forced into submission.

15
Colonial Philadelphia
16
The South
New England
The Middle Colonies
13 Colonies Map
17
Climate Resources

• Warm climate good soil ideal for plantation
  crops like indigo, rice, corn, and tobacco.
• As of plantations grew, they became
  self-sufficient, so very few large cities
  developed in the South.

18
The People

• Planter Class
• Became wealthy off of the cash crops they grew
• Dominated all aspects of Southern life
• Viewed themselves as nobility.
• George Washington, Thomas Jefferson George Mason

19
The Need For Slavery

• Plantations had difficulties finding the
  necessary labor to run a plantation.
• Many indentured servants were leaving
  plantations.
• Turned to slave labor. Africans already
  established as reliable slaves so planters
  started to use them.
• Kept under control with strict slave codes.

20
Government

• Colonies throughout the South started for
  radically different reasons
• Maryland George Calvert (tobacco production to
  offset his losses in NE)
• Carolinas Ruled by 8 Lords Proprietors and
  settled by British colony from Barbados
• Georgia refuge for debtors
• Virginia haven for some English convicts, and
  others hoped to make their fortunes

21
The Story of The Carolinas

• Carolinas settled privately by 8 Lords
  Proprietors
• Carolinas frequently clashed with Native tribes
• Colonists overthrew Carolina colony after
  proprietors refused to defend Charleston against
  Spanish attack
• Later, Carolinas became too large to govern
  split in 1712

22
Conclusion

• The diversity of the 13 colonies offered a great
  deal of economic possibilities to the British
  Empire.
• It also gave the 13 colonies the wealth needed to
  start becoming a country.

23
CLOSURE

• The Triangular Trade is a term used to describe
  the movement of goods between Western Europe,
  West Africa, and
• A Central Asia. B the Americas. C Australia. D
  the Middle East.
• The Mayflower Compact (1620) was significant in
  the political development of the American
  colonies because it introduced the principle of
• A self-government. B separation of powers. C
  freedom of expression. D federalism.