Ch. 13 Sec. 2

1
Ch. 13 Sec. 2

• Imperialism in Southeast Asia and The Pacific

2
Dutch East Indies

• Early 1600s Dutch trade company controlled the
  spice islands
• Slowly increased territory and colonized what is
  today called Indonesia
• Produced coffee, indigo and spices

3
Burma and Malaya

• British clashed with local rulers in 1800s as
  they expanded from their India Empire
• Burmese resistance was met with harsh defeat
• 1886 annexed Burma and expanded into Malaya
• Singapore became the central location for British
  trade with Asia
• Providing great wealth for Britain

4
French Indochina

• 1500s Portuguese traders set up a center in
  present day Vietnam
• Christian missionaries (France) moved into
  Vietnam
• Conversion met with harsh punishment from
  Vietnamese officials
• French responded with an invasion (1858)
• Excuse for pursuing more influence in SE Asia
• 1860s seized the southern portion of Vietnam
• By 1900 France took over all of Vietnam, Laos and
  Cambodia (westerners referred to as Indochina)

5
Siam

• Kingdom between British Burma and French
  Indochina
• King Mongkut did not want to suffer same result
  (ruled 1851 - 1868)
• Studied and understood western culture and ideas
• Accepted some unequal treaties and modernized
  the government, army and technology to avoid
  colonization
• Present day Thailand

6
SE Asia by 1900

• Europeans control most of region
• Introduced modern technology
• Expanded commerce and industry
• Developed tin, rubber, harbors and RRs
• Changes benefited Europeans far more than
  Southeast Asians

7
Philippines

• Spain seized in 1500s
• Developing strong resistance by late 1800s
• Power and wealth of Catholic Church
• Ed. Gains because of upper class prosperity from
  Suez Canal
• Encouraged by U.S. to help join the fight against
  Spain, expecting independence
• Instead, treaty ending the war gave control to
  the U.S. (Protectorate)
• U.S. eventually promise a slow transition to
  self-rule

8
Pacific Islands

• 1800s - industrialized powers took and interest
• Bases for whaling and sealing ships
• Missionary work opened the way for political
  involvement
• United States
• 1878 unequal treaty with Samoa
• Naval stations from other nations led to a triple
  protectorate
• mid-1800s - sugar growers want power in Hawaii
• Resistance from Liliuokalani led to U.S. planters
  overthrow
• 1898 annexed Hawaii
• By 1900 nearly every island in Pacific claimed by
  U.S. and European powers