Chapter 1 Notes:

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Chapter 1 Notes

• Learning about our World

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SECTION 1
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Technology Shrinks the World

• With modern technology, the worlds people have
  been brought closer together.
• By studying other people and countries, you will
  be able to see connections between the United
  States and the world around us. When the first
  telephone cable was laid along the bottom of the
  Atlantic Ocean in 1956, it could carry only 36
  calls between Europe and North America at one
  time. Forty years later, glass cables as fine as
  hairs were carrying 300,000 long-distance calls
  at once. Inventions are changing the world and
  it is changing faster every year.
• The internet is possible because of improved
  telephone cables, satellites, and computers.

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Movies and Video
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The World Next Door

• American Communities include various groups of
  people called Ethnic groups. An ethnic group is
  a group of people who have a common origin, and
  share a language and a history.
• Customs practices handed down from the past.
• Often ethnic groups are also Minorities. A
  Minority group is a group of people whose
  culture, race, gender, or ethnic origin is
  different from most of the people in the region.
  Sometimes, but not always, the minority group is
  treated differently from the Majority. The
  majority is the group in society that controls
  most of the wealth and power however, it is not
  always the largest group in numbers.
• Schools are the place where most young people
  first meet people from other ethnic groups.

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SECTION 2
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The Social Sciences

• Social Scientists organize information to help
  people understand the world around them.
• Anthropologists study people and societies.
• Sociologists study human behavior as it relates
  to groups of people.
• Human Geographers look at people and their
  environment.
• Geographers organize facts about Earths surface
  and people.

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• Other sciences that deal with social studies.
• Psychology
• Archeology
• History

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What is Culture?

• Culture is the way of life of people who share
  similar beliefs and customs. The culture of a
  people also includes their government, food,
  music, literature, and the ways they make a
  living.
• Judging other people in terms of ones own
  culture and standards is called Ethnocentrism.
• Cultural Borrowing is when one group of peoples
  adopts another groups culture traits.
• Cultural Diffusion is how a culture spreads its
  knowledge and skills from one area to another.
  Today, cultural diffusion occurs through radio,
  television, telephones, computers, and the
  Internet.

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Important Lessons in History

• History is the story of the past.
• History tells how past conflicts influence the
  present.
• Studying history can also teach us important
  lessons and can guide our behavior in the present.

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Government is Necessary

• People need rules in order to live together
  without conflict. In countries, rules are
  created by governments.
• In a Limited government, constitutions or other
  laws set limits on power of government officials.
  Democracy is a form of limited government.
• In a representative democracy, people elect
  representatives who them make and enforce laws.
  The United States is a representative democracy.
• In an Unlimited government, power belongs to the
  ruler or rulers. Unlimited governments include
  dictatorships (Saddam Hussein) and absolute
  monarchies (kings or queens are born into ruling
  families).
• Constitutional monarchies are a type limited
  government. Ex. Great Britain (Queen)

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Balancing Our Wants and Needs

• The different ways people and nations go about
  meeting their daily needs are known as Economic
  Systems. All economic systems are concerned with
  producing goods.
• In a Traditional economy, people meet their needs
  based on their customs.
• Under a Command economy, the government makes all
  the decisions.
• In a Market economy, individuals determine for
  themselves what to produce, who will want it, how
  much to produce, and how much to charge.
• Most nations have a Mixed economy.

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Differences in Development

• Countries differ in how much manufacturing and
  industry they have.
• Industrialized countries hold 97 of all patents
  ownership (right to inventions).
• Countries that are working toward
  industrialization are called Developing
  countries.
• Many corporations from industrialized countries
  are now building plants in developing countries,
  having found a valuable Resource in these
  places people.

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SECTION 3
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Human Migration

• Throughout the world, people Migrate, or move, in
  great numbers.
• When people leave villages and farms and move to
  cities, it is called Urbanization.
• The most common reason people move to cities is
  to find jobs.
• Refugees are people who are forced to leave their
  homeland because of wars or unjust governments.

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Population Growth

• There has been a rapid increase in world
  population in recent years.
• An increase in the number of people means that
  more food is needed.
• Since 1950 world food production has increased
  faster than population on all continents except
  Africa.
• Because so many people in Africa need food, bad
  weather or war can ruin crops and bring disaster.

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Population Growth
N U M B E R O F P E O P L E
Years
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Population by 2050
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Most Populated Countries
China 1.2 Billion
India 1 Billion
United States 284 Million
Indonesia 206 Million
Brazil 171 Million
Pakistan 145 Million
Russia 144 Million
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Conflict and Cooperation

• As technology brings us closer together, nations
  are beginning to understand the importance of
  cooperation.
• Disagreement over land is a common reason for
  conflict between groups and nations. This is
  especially true when one culture has been
  displaced, or moved, by another culture.
• Other conflicts are about religion, race and
  politics.
• When groups and nations cooperate, they work
  together to find peaceful solutions to problems.

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Civic Participation

• Civic participation is being concerned with the
  public affairs of a community, state, nation or
  the world.
• In a democracy, Rights are benefits and
  protections guaranteed to you by law.
• In a democracy, Responsibilities are duties that
  you owe to your fellow citizens to make sure that
  the government continues.
• In Totalitarian governments, the people have no
  rights. Their responsibilities are to obey the
  laws of the land.

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Globalization

• Interdependence is when countries depend on one
  another for goods, raw materials to make goods
  and markets in which to sell goods.
• The world is sometimes referred to as a global
  village because in a village, people depend on
  one another to provide what they need to live.
• Globalization is the development of a world
  culture and interdependent economy. One danger
  of globalization is that it might erase
  traditions and customs of smaller groups.

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Technology and World Issues

• Technology is a tool, and, like any other tool,
  it can be used both wisely and foolishly.
• The Internet can help develop better citizens by
  providing information and easier easy to
  communicate.
• Because progress, in many ways, is determined by
  technology, sharing technology has become an
  important issue.