Transoceanic Encounters

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Chapter 23

• Transoceanic Encounters Global Connections

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Ap World History Journal12/21

• What was the significance of the Manila Galleons?
• What navigational technologies were derived from
  Western Europe?
• Why was Vasca De Gamas voyage important?

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European Motives for Exploration

1. Resource Poor Portugal searched for fresh
   resources and lands for cultivation
2. Lure of trade without Muslim intermediaries
3. Desire to Spread Christianity( Both peaceful ways
   ex. Missionaries, and through conquest
   Reconquista,

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Technology of Exploration

• Stern Post Rudder (Chinese) and triangular lateen
  sail made it possible to sail against the winds
• Magnetic compass (China)- allowed sailors to
  determine direction
• Astrolabe (Arabic Sailors)- allowed them to
  determine their latitude at sea
• Cross Staff and back staff (European)- measures
  the angle of the sun or pole star to determine
  latitude.
• Knowledge of the Volta do mar or return through
  the sea

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New Maritime Technologies
Better Maps Portulan
Hartman Astrolabe(1532)
Mariners Compass
Sextant
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New Weapons Technology
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Voyages of Exploration

• Vasca Da Gama (Portugal)
• Reached India, brought back huge profits
• Opened the doors to direct maritime trading
  between Europe Asia

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Voyages of Exploration

• Ferdinand Magellan (Portugal)
• 1st person to circumnavigate the world 1519-1522
• Only 35 of the original 280 survived
• Killed in the Philippines
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vUpIx99cD-zEfeature
  related

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Voyages of Exploration
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Ferdinand Magellan the First Circumnavigation
of the WorldEarly 16c
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(No Transcript)
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Christopher Columbus, Italian

• Believed Earth was smaller
• Estimated Japan approximately 2,500 miles west of
  Canaries (actually 10,000 miles)
• Columbus Discovers New World
• Italian explorer secured Spanish backing to find
  a westward route to India.
• During Four voyages (1492-1503), Columbus
  discovers Americas (Caribbean Latin America).
  
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vKvm8WA0Y2N4

Queen Isabella (left) and King Ferdinand
supported the voyages of Columbus (left, above).
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The Man Who Found The New World
Above A sailing map made by Bartholomew
Christopher Columbus c. 1490.
An 1893 depiction of Columbus landing in the
Caribbean.
Recreations of the Niña and La Pinta.
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Voyages of Exploration

• James Cook
• Led 3 expeditions to Arctic, Pacific, Australia.
  Died in Hawaii
• Helped geographers to get better understanding of
  the world
• Killed in Hawaii

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Wind and current patterns in the world's oceans.
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European exploration in the Atlantic Ocean,
1486-1498.
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What was the Columbian Exchange

• Columbian Exchange

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How did the Columbian Exchange impact the World?
Items sent to the Old World Items sent to the New World
Potatoes Disease ( Small Pox, Malaria)
Tomatoes Horses, Cattle, Pigs
Maize ( Corn) Sugar Cane
Syphilis Coffee Beans
Turkey Rice
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The Columbian Exchange
Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet Potatoes
Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine
Cocoa Pineapple Cassava POTATO
Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE
Syphilis
Trinkets
Liquor
GUNS
Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice
Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley
Grape Peach SUGAR CANE Oats
Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE
Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox
Flu Typhus Measles Malaria
Diptheria Whooping Cough
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World Population Growth, 1500-1800 CE
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European Empires in the Americas
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Why is the 7 Years War Important to World History?

• It placed Britain in a position to dominate world
  trade for the next 150 years

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Analyze the Impact of Technology on the global
trading networks from 1500-1800?

• The astrolabe( Arabs) and cross staff( Europeans)
  helped to determine latitude _at_ sea
• Magnetic compass (china) helped point them in the
  right direction
• Stern Rudder- helped point the ship in the right
  sailing direction

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Who was Afonso De Albuquerque?

• Architect of the aggressive Portuguese policy of
  making other people pay duties to use the Indian
  Ocean trade route
• People who did not pay duties were punished
  severely