Title: Imperialism in Asia
1Imperialism in Asia
2A. Justification
- Social Darwinism, which applied Darwins theory
of natural selection to sociology - Dominant classes or races rose to the top
- Because Britain was the most powerful nation the
British were superior - Second not only were the British superior they
had a moral obligation to dominate and civilize
others - Rudyard Kiplings poem White Mans Burden
shows this idea
3Take up the White Man's burden--Send forth the
best ye breed--Go bind your sons to exileTo
serve your captives' needTo wait in heavy
harness,On fluttered folk and wild--Your
new-caught, sullen peoples,Half-devil and
half-child.Take up the White Man's burden--In
patience to abide,To veil the threat of
terrorAnd check the show of prideBy open
speech and simple,An hundred times made plainTo
seek another's profit,And work another's
gain.
Rudyard Kipling
4I. Imperialism in India
5A. Early European Contact
- 1750s
- England and France fought over India
- England won out
- (Seven Years War
- Same war that ???)
6B. British East India Company
- Joint-stock company
- Exclusive trading rights over the British trade
with India - Led by Robert Clive
7C. British East India Rule
- BEIC directly ruled over India
- Had its own army
- From 1750 1858 the company took control of much
of the subcontinent and set up administrative
regions - Sepoy mutiny
- Sepoys Indians who work for the BEIC mostly in
the army - Fought for two years
- British won
- Led Parliament to step in
8D. British Colonialism
- Political Structure
- 1858 India become a Crown Colony
- 1877- Queen Victoria named Empress of India
- British rule through Viceroys
9D. British Colonialism (Cont)
- 2. Economic Structure
- Raw materials sent to Britain
- Cotton
- Timber
- Metals
- Finished goods sent to India
- Cotton Fabric
- Steel
10D. British Colonialism (cont)
- 3. Social Structure
- Upper classes were Anglicized
- Taught English
- Adopted English dress and culture
- Many began to want Independence
- aa. 1885 Indian National Congress established
- bb. Congress party sought Independence but
recognized the need for reform
11II. Imperialism in China
12A. China before European Imperialism
- Isolationist
- Trade was important
- Foreigners were restricted to Canton (Remember -
Canton System from Qing Notes) - Limits on what could be bought and sold
- All goods had to be bought with silver
13B. The Opium Trade
- 1773 Opium Introduced to China
- The Opium Trade
- Opium grown in British India
- Opium smuggled into China and bought with silver
- Silver from Opium sales used to purchase Chinese
goods - TEA - The are British after all!!!
- Silk
- Porcelain
14C. First Opium War 1839 - 1842
- 1838 Manchu Emperor issues an edict forbidden
the sale and use of opium - 1839 Chinese seize British opium
- First Opium War
- British win with relatively little force
- Chinese forced to sign the Treaty of Nanking
- Called the Unequal Treaties
- British gained trade concessions
- Opium trade made legal again
15D. Second Opium War 1856 - 1860
- 1843 British gain control of the island of Hong
Kong - 1844 Christian missionaries allowed back into
China - Second Opium War
- Chinese attempt to curb the opium trade again
- China defeated
- All of China now open for trade
16E. Impact of the Opium Wars
- Externally and internally China was viewed as
weak - Internally this turned to rebellion
- White Lotus Rebellion
- Led by monks over taxes and corruption
- Taiping Rebellion
- i. Led by a religious zealot who raised a million
man army - Both Rebellions were stopped by the Chinese
- Manchu launched the Self-Strengthening Movement
- aa. Largely unsuccessful
17E. Impact of the Opium Wars (Cont)
- Chinese begin to lose territory
- Korea and Taiwan to Japan
- Vietnam to France
- Major European Country establish Spheres of
Influence setting up - Military bases
- Businesses
- Transportation
- Communication
- Open Door Policy
- Chinese sovereignty maintained
- Equal trading privileges among all imperial
powers
18F. Boxer Rebellion 1899 - 1901
- Boxers Anti-Manchu, anti-European, anti-Japanese
and anti-Christian - Wanted foreigners out of China
- Used guerilla tactics
- Killed missionaries
- Seized embassies
- Foreign military stopped the rebellion
- China paid foreigners for these costs and
apologized
19III. Imperialism in Japan
20A. Japan Before European Imperialism
- 17th and 18th century closed to outsiders
- 1853 Commodore Mathew Perry U.S.N. forced Japan
to open to outside trade - U.S. and other nations won trade concessions
- Japanese revolted against the Shogun
- Led by the samurai
- Shogun removed from power
- Power returned to the Emperor Meiji
21B. The Meiji Restoration
- Characterized by rapid industrialization
- 1876 Samurai class abolished
- a. Universal military service established
- By 1890s Japan was on equal footing with the
western powers - Japan would go on to gain control of Korea and
Manchuria from the Chinese and Russians
respectively - The willingness of the elite to reform in Japan
led to rapid industrialization and would allow
it to become an imperial power of its own -