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Imperialism in Asia

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1885 Indian National Congress ... Led by a religious zealot who raised a million man army Both Rebellions were stopped by the Chinese Manchu launched the ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Imperialism in Asia


1
Imperialism in Asia
2
A. Justification
  • Social Darwinism, which applied Darwins theory
    of natural selection to sociology
  • Dominant classes or races rose to the top
  • Because Britain was the most powerful nation the
    British were superior
  • Second not only were the British superior they
    had a moral obligation to dominate and civilize
    others
  • Rudyard Kiplings poem White Mans Burden
    shows this idea

3
Take up the White Man's burden--Send forth the
best ye breed--Go bind your sons to exileTo
serve your captives' needTo wait in heavy
harness,On fluttered folk and wild--Your
new-caught, sullen peoples,Half-devil and
half-child.Take up the White Man's burden--In
patience to abide,To veil the threat of
terrorAnd check the show of prideBy open
speech and simple,An hundred times made plainTo
seek another's profit,And work another's
gain.
Rudyard Kipling
4
I. Imperialism in India
5
A. Early European Contact
  • 1750s
  • England and France fought over India
  • England won out
  • (Seven Years War
  • Same war that ???)

6
B. British East India Company
  • Joint-stock company
  • Exclusive trading rights over the British trade
    with India
  • Led by Robert Clive

7
C. British East India Rule
  • BEIC directly ruled over India
  • Had its own army
  • From 1750 1858 the company took control of much
    of the subcontinent and set up administrative
    regions
  • Sepoy mutiny
  • Sepoys Indians who work for the BEIC mostly in
    the army
  • Fought for two years
  • British won
  • Led Parliament to step in

8
D. British Colonialism
  • Political Structure
  • 1858 India become a Crown Colony
  • 1877- Queen Victoria named Empress of India
  • British rule through Viceroys

9
D. British Colonialism (Cont)
  • 2. Economic Structure
  • Raw materials sent to Britain
  • Cotton
  • Timber
  • Metals
  • Finished goods sent to India
  • Cotton Fabric
  • Steel

10
D. British Colonialism (cont)
  • 3. Social Structure
  • Upper classes were Anglicized
  • Taught English
  • Adopted English dress and culture
  • Many began to want Independence
  • aa. 1885 Indian National Congress established
  • bb. Congress party sought Independence but
    recognized the need for reform

11
II. Imperialism in China
12
A. China before European Imperialism
  • Isolationist
  • Trade was important
  • Foreigners were restricted to Canton (Remember -
    Canton System from Qing Notes)
  • Limits on what could be bought and sold
  • All goods had to be bought with silver

13
B. The Opium Trade
  • 1773 Opium Introduced to China
  • The Opium Trade
  • Opium grown in British India
  • Opium smuggled into China and bought with silver
  • Silver from Opium sales used to purchase Chinese
    goods
  • TEA - The are British after all!!!
  • Silk
  • Porcelain

14
C. First Opium War 1839 - 1842
  • 1838 Manchu Emperor issues an edict forbidden
    the sale and use of opium
  • 1839 Chinese seize British opium
  • First Opium War
  • British win with relatively little force
  • Chinese forced to sign the Treaty of Nanking
  • Called the Unequal Treaties
  • British gained trade concessions
  • Opium trade made legal again

15
D. Second Opium War 1856 - 1860
  • 1843 British gain control of the island of Hong
    Kong
  • 1844 Christian missionaries allowed back into
    China
  • Second Opium War
  • Chinese attempt to curb the opium trade again
  • China defeated
  • All of China now open for trade

16
E. Impact of the Opium Wars
  • Externally and internally China was viewed as
    weak
  • Internally this turned to rebellion
  • White Lotus Rebellion
  • Led by monks over taxes and corruption
  • Taiping Rebellion
  • i. Led by a religious zealot who raised a million
    man army
  • Both Rebellions were stopped by the Chinese
  • Manchu launched the Self-Strengthening Movement
  • aa. Largely unsuccessful

17
E. Impact of the Opium Wars (Cont)
  • Chinese begin to lose territory
  • Korea and Taiwan to Japan
  • Vietnam to France
  • Major European Country establish Spheres of
    Influence setting up
  • Military bases
  • Businesses
  • Transportation
  • Communication
  • Open Door Policy
  • Chinese sovereignty maintained
  • Equal trading privileges among all imperial
    powers

18
F. Boxer Rebellion 1899 - 1901
  • Boxers Anti-Manchu, anti-European, anti-Japanese
    and anti-Christian
  • Wanted foreigners out of China
  • Used guerilla tactics
  • Killed missionaries
  • Seized embassies
  • Foreign military stopped the rebellion
  • China paid foreigners for these costs and
    apologized

19
III. Imperialism in Japan
20
A. Japan Before European Imperialism
  • 17th and 18th century closed to outsiders
  • 1853 Commodore Mathew Perry U.S.N. forced Japan
    to open to outside trade
  • U.S. and other nations won trade concessions
  • Japanese revolted against the Shogun
  • Led by the samurai
  • Shogun removed from power
  • Power returned to the Emperor Meiji

21
B. The Meiji Restoration
  • Characterized by rapid industrialization
  • 1876 Samurai class abolished
  • a. Universal military service established
  • By 1890s Japan was on equal footing with the
    western powers
  • Japan would go on to gain control of Korea and
    Manchuria from the Chinese and Russians
    respectively
  • The willingness of the elite to reform in Japan
    led to rapid industrialization and would allow
    it to become an imperial power of its own
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