Mr. Mitchell

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In Depth Questions -- THE SEARCH FOR SPICES

• Mr. Mitchells CP World History

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1. Name two reasons why European nations wanted
to establish a sea route to Asia?Explain the
importance of these ideas.
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1. They wanted to bypass the existing trading
routes that were controlled by foreign powers and
gain direct access to the Spice IslandsThe
Renaissance spirit of inquiry further fired
peoples desire to learn more about the lands
beyond Europe
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Early Trade Routes to the Spice Islands
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2. Identify 3 things that helped explorers sail
to the oceans and go to distant lands? How
exactly did each of these factors and
achievements help these explorers
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2 --- CARTOGRAPHERS created more accurate maps
and sea chartsSailors learned to use the
ASTROLABE an instrument that determined their
latitude at seaPortuguese developed the CARAVEL
which combined square European sails with Arab
lateen triangular sails
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Tools of Exploration
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Prince Henry
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EXTRA NOTES PRINCE HENRY

• Prince Henry was a Portuguese noble that wanted
  to spread Christianity throughout Africa as well
  as taking control of its lucrative supply of Gold
• Henry created a school of navigation in which he
  assembled specialists who designed ships,
  prepared maps, and trained captains and crews for
  distant voyages

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Extra Notes Prince Henry

• Prince Henrys graduates were sent from the
  school to explore and eventually establish ports
  in different areas of the West African coast
  including Guinea and Ghana
• They took over trade that stretched all the way
  into the great African city Timbuktu

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Extra Notes Prince Henry

• Most of the areas that were taken over by the
  Portuguese were predominantly run by Muslims
  Christian Portuguese were dominating Muslim
  traders Hint of the Crusades
• By 1500 Portugal controlled a majority of the
  gold trade that went into Europe
• Henry has been nicknamed The Navigator because
  of his role in Portugals dominance of the gold
  trade and his pioneering of future trips

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Statues of the Navigator
Statue of him in Lagos, Portugal
Statue in Lisbon, Portugal dedicated to the
Explorers
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3. Describe the routes taken by explorers for
Portugal during the 1400s and early 1500s? How
did this affect Portugals trade?
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3 ---- South along the coast of Africa, around
the Cape of Good Hope, and on to the Calicut on
the West coast of IndiaPortugal seized key ports
around the Indian Ocean to create a vast trading
empire.
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God - Gold -- Glory

• - In the early years of the 16th century Portugal
  controlled Spice Trade between Europe and Asia
• - Portugal was able to do this through by sheer
  force and numbers  
• - One of the main examples of how Portugal used
  their power to take over the islands of the
  Indian Ocean was Admiral Afonso de Albuquerques
  take over of Goa, India in 1510 - and his
  destruction of Malacca in 1511

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God - Gold -- Glory

• Both of these victories were crucial because --
  Goa ended up being Portugals headquarters for
  the region -- While Malacca ended up being
  Portugals key to the Spice Islands -- INDONESIA
• - Albuquerque used trickery and brute force to
  destroy the Muslim Traders including massacring
  entire Muslim populations, burning Hindu Temples
  and Muslim mosques, and crushed defenseless
  Muslim trading ships.

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To Enhance the Terror of his name Albuquerque
always separated Arabs from the other inhabitants
of a Captured city and cut off the right hand
of the men and the noses of the ears of the
women
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God - Gold -- Glory

• Portugal lacked the power, population and land to
  maintain their trading empire -- once their power
  began to falter in the later part of the 16th
  Century, the door was opened for the Dutch who
  would build trading towns and ground all over the
  Indian Ocean and mostly in Africa. Their led
  advancement was led by a group of wealthy Dutch
  merchants that formed the Dutch East India
  Company.

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God - Gold -- Glory

• The Dutch East India Co. would go on to establish
  on the key African ports/ cities in the Spice
  Trade -- Cape Town on the Cape of Good Hope. --
  as well as capture Malacca from Portugal in 1641,
  which totally ended Portuguese dominance in the
  region.
• While using some force, the Dutch learned from
  the Portuguese and had alliances with the native
  rulers instead of harsh relationships -- They
  would go on to trade with the Chinese and other
  nations.

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(No Transcript)
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God - Gold -- Glory

• The victories of the Dutch enabled them to
  establish a true trading monopoly in the region
  -- something Portugal was unable to do.
• The Spanish would attempt to take a piece of the
  Spice Trade by taking over a group of Islands
  that they would rename THE PHILIPPINES - named
  after the great king Phillip II

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God - Gold -- Glory

• The Spanish were able to take over the entire
  group of islands the natives themselves were not
  united
• - Spanish would go on to attempt to Christianize
  the group of islands -- In later years priests
  from the Philippines would event attempt to
  convert natives in China and Japan.

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Christopher Columbus
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4. Why did Columbus decide to sail westward? How
did he say that this trip was possible?
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4--- He wanted to reach the Indies by sailing
west across the Atlantic- He assumed that the
world was round.
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5 Briefly describe the trip of Christopher
Columbus to the New World? Include departure to
the New World/ the boats that he used/ where he
landed along with the naming of the West Indies
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Answer 5

• On August 3, 1492, Columbus sailed west with 3
  small ships, the NINA, PINTA, and the SANTA MARIA
• Although their was good weather, no land came
  into sight Supplies ran low
• On October 12 saw land - He spent several
  months cruising the islands of the Caribbean
• - He called the people Indians because he
  thought he was in India
• The land was named the West Indies as a result of
  the fact he believed that he landed in India

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Christopher Columbuss Journey
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6 How did the Exploration by Christopher
Columbus impact the explorations of Magellan and
Cabot? Be specific especially with the importance
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6 Cabot was inspired by Columbus because he
wanted to find a new northern area that Columbus
had not found-- Magellan was inspired by
Columbus because without his trip Magellan
would not have known that it was possible to go
across the Atlantic and Cross the Pacific Ocean.