Hitler

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Hitlers Rise to Power
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NAZISM

• Nationalist German Workers Party (1919-1945)
• Anti-parliamentary, democratic, capitalistic,
  communistic
• Anti-Semitic
• Extreme Nationalism, Militarism, Racism
• Use of Violence
• Charismatic Leader

Life, Sun, Power, Strength, Good Luck
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Nazi Program

1. A union of all German to form a great Germany on
   the basis of the right of self determination of
   peoples.
2. Abolition of the Treaty of Versailles.
3. Land and territory for the surplus of people.
4. German blood as a requirement for German
   citizenship. No Jew can be a member of the
   nation.
5. Non-citizens can live in Germany only as
   foreigners, subject to the law of aliens.
6. Only citizens can vote or hold office.
7. The state ensures that every citizen live
   decently and earn his livelihood. If it is
   possible to provide food for the whole
   population, the aliens must be expelled.

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Nazi Program Continued

• 8. No further immigration of non-Germans. Any
  non-German who entered Germany after August 2,
  1914, shall leave immediately.
• 9. A thorough reconstruction of our national
  system of education. The science of citizenship
  shall be taught from the beginning.
• 10. All newspapers must be published in the
  German language by German citizens and owners.
• By the end of the 1920 the Nazi Party had about
  3,000 members.

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How did the Nazi party gain support in this
period?

• Military uniforms demonstrated strength at a time
  when the government was weak.
• Use of force against Communists and Trade
  unionists was popular with businesses.
• References to traditional values and reminders of
  Who was to blame for the economic crisis builds
  support.
• Appeals to Nationalism.

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• The Nazis did not appeal to
• working men who voted Communist
• intellectuals such as students and university
  professors
• They were popular with
• nationalists and racists
• Farmers
• lower middle-class people such as plumbers and
  shopkeepers who were worried about the chaos
  Germany was in
• rich people worried by the threat from Communism

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• The SA (Brownshirts) were directed to keep order
  at party meetings.
• Later the SA were deployed to break up meetings
  of other parties (Thugs)
• Wore military style uniforms and used force to
  achieve order.
• Intended to provide a strong image.

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Regrouping

• Hitler went to prison, where he wrote 'Mein
  Kampf. Millions of Germans read it, and Hitler's
  ideas became very well-known.
• Hitler decided that he would never come to power
  by revolution he realized that he would have to
  use constitutional means, so he organized
• the Hitler Youth
• propaganda campaign
• mergers with other right-wing parties
• local branches of the party, which tried to get
  Nazis elected to the Reichstag
• the SS as his personal bodyguard, which was set
  up in 1925
• It was this strategy of gaining power
  legitimately that eventually brought him to power.

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1929-1931 A Change in Fortunes

• Wall Street Crash leads to end of effective
  financial assistance from USA.
• Unemployment rises rapidly- 3 million to 6
  million
• Hyperinflation recurs.
• Threat of Communism increases.
• Coalition government fails to address problems
  successfully.

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HITLERS RISE TO POWER

• THE GREAT DEPRESSION (1929)
• 40 unemployment
• Industrial Production 1929-1932 fell by ½
• Hitler simple answers complex problems
• national rebirth
• crimes of the Treaty of Versailles

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Nazis Move Into Government (1)

• Nazis use force to prevent uprisings.
• Rhetoric plays on peoples fears.
• Emphasis placed on military power wins support of
  many soldiers and traditionalists.
• Weak coalition government enables Nazis to gain
  political strength.
• Propaganda and shows of might impress the masses.

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FACTORS RISE OF NAZISM

• WEAKNESSES OF THE WEIMAR REPUBLIC weak
  president, many political parties
• LACK OF DEMOCRATIC TRADITION history of
  autocracy, Democracy economic failure, Nazi
  promises of economic stability, nationalistic
  glory
• LEADERSHIP OF HITLER orator, mass politics,
  propaganda, violence, suppressed opposition,
  organizational ability

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HITLERS RISE TO POWER

• ELECTION 1932
• President
• Paul von Hindenburg 19,360,000
• Hitler 13,400,000
• Reichstag Nazi Party 230 seats, 38

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HITLERS RISE TO POWER

• HINDENBURG NAMES HITLER CHANCELLOR
• Jan. 1933
• Feb. 1933 REICHSTAG FIRE
• ARTICLE 48 suspension of civil liberties in
  time of national crisis
• March 1933 - THE ENABLING ACT ruled by decree

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HITLERS RISE TO POWER

• THE NIGHT OF THE LONG KNIVES
• June 1934
• Purge of the SA (Strumabteiling) storm trooper
• Leader Ernst Rohm
• Purge carried out by the SS (Schutzstaffel) and
  the Gestopo (Secret Police)

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HITLER RISE TO POWER

• August 1934 Hindenburg dies (age 87)
• Office of President and Chancellor combined
• Der Fuhrer leader
• Third Reich empire, nation
• One people, one Reich, one leader

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HITLERS GOVERNMENT

• The Third Reich (1933-1945)
• Gestapo Secret Police Heinrich Himmler
• Propaganda Joseph Goebbels
• BIG LIE TECHNIQUE
• Nuremburg laws
• Public Works, Economy Full employment TOTAL WAR

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HITLER BECAME CHANCELLOR
THE REICHSTAG FIRE
THE ENABLING ACT
Der Fuhrer
OATH OF LOYALTY TO HITLER
THE NIGHT OF THE LONG KNIVES
DEATH OF PRESIDENT HINDENBURG
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Key Quote

• Terror is the best political weapon for
  nothing drives people harder than a fear of
  sudden death.

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How did the Terror State Work?