Good morning!

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Good morning!

• Write todays word and its definition on your new
  vocabulary sheet, and then get out materials to
  take some grammar notes. (You dont need to write
  todays vocab. sentence yet.)

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Phrase vs. Clause

• Clause a group of words with both a subject and
  a verb
• Phrase a group of words that does not have both
  a subject and a verb

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Types of Clauses

• Independent Clause (I.C.)
• a group of words with both a subject and verb
  that can stand alone as a sentence
• Examples I like pizza.
• I have a dog.
• Robert runs fast.

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Types of Clauses continuedDependent Clause,
also called Subordinate Clause (D.C.) a group of
words with both a subject and verb that cannot
stand alone as a sentence

• Examples
• When I grow up
• Because I like gravy
• If we win the lottery
• Since it is raining
• After we came home
• Although he is my friend

• Whenever Sam calls
• Before you go home
• Unless we win the game
• While you eat dinner
• Wherever we drive
• Anywhere he stands

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Subordinating Conjunctions

• After, how, till ( or 'til), although, if unless,
  as, in as much,   until, as if, in order that,
  when, as long as, lest, whenever, as much as, now
  that, whereas, soon as, provided
  (that),  wherever, as though, since, while,
  because, so that, before, than even if, that,
  even though,   though

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Types of Sentences

• Simple I.C.
• Examples
• We went outside.
• I passed English.
• The puppy is sleeping.

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Types of Sentences continued

• Compound I.C. I.C.
• Examples
• We went outside, and the sun was shining.
• I passed English I studied so hard.
• The independent clauses must be joined either by
  a comma and a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS)
  or by a semicolon.

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Types of Sentences continued

• Complex I.C. D.C.
• Examples
• I passed English since I studied very diligently.
• Because the sun was shining, we went outside.
• When the dependent clause comes first, it must
  be followed by a comma.
• You dont need a comma when you write the
  dependent clause last.

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Types of Sentences continued

• Compound-Complex I.C. I.C. D.C.
• Examples
• We went outside, and it was a beautiful day
  because the rain had stopped.
• We went outside because the rain had stopped,
  for it was a beautiful day.
• Because the rain had stopped, we went outside
  it was a beautiful day.

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Formulas

• Simple I.C.
• Compound I.C. I.C.
• Complex I.C. D.C.
• Compound-Complex I.C. I.C. D.C.

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What type of sentence is this?

• Last night the puppy was sleeping on a rug under
  the stairs with her mother happily snoozing by
  her side.

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Verbals

• Verbals are words that are made from verbs but
  are used as other parts of speech. There are
  three types of Verbals Gerunds, Participles, and
  Infinitives.

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Participles

• A participle is a verb form that acts as an
  adjective. It describes a noun or a pronoun.
• the sleeping child
• a flying bug
• A participial phrase is a phrase with the
  participle and its modifiers and complements.
• Dancing crazily, the flower girl made every
  member of the wedding party smile.

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Present Participle a participle with a present
tense verb

• Misplaced or dangling participle the participial
  phrase modifies the wrong object.
• Drifting gently to the ground, Jordan was
  overwhelmed by the beauty of the snow.
• Corrected
• Drifting gently to the ground, the snow was
  overwhelmingly beautiful to Jordan.

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Past Participles

• Our repaired window shows no sign of the rock
  that crashed through it.
• A hush fell on the crowd as the injured player
  was carted off the field.
• The polluted bay cannot sustain any marine life.
• A watched pot never boils, but the liquid inside
  it does.

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Find the Past Participial Phrase

• My brother, known to everyone at school as a math
  whiz, became an engineer.
• Concerned about her home, the elderly woman
  refused to leave it when the storm blew through.
• Published in 2006, Twilight has been an
  extraordinary success in the world of popular
  fiction.
• My cousin, excited to begin skiing, jumped from
  the lift and fell right on his face.

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All of the following sentences are correct which
might have the strongest impact on a reader?

• My new dress, splashed with yellow paint, was
  ruined.
• Splashed with yellow paint, my new dress was
  ruined.
• My new dress was ruined, splashed with yellow
  paint.

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Gerunds

• A gerund is a verb form that ends in ing and is
  used as a noun.
• Example
• Sleeping is fun.
• The gerund sleeping serves as the subject in
  this sentence.

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Infinitives

• An infinitive is a verb form introduced by the
  word to. It is used a noun, an adjective, or an
  adverb.
• Example
• She likes to sleep.
• The infinitive to sleep, a noun, serves as a
  direct object.
• I have a paper to write before class.
• The infinitive to write, functions as an
  adjective.

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Verbals

• A gerund is a verb form that ends in ing and is
  used as a noun.
• A participle is a verb form that acts as an
  adjective. It describes a noun or a pronoun.
• An infinitive is a verb form introduced by the
  word to. It is used a noun, an adjective, or an
  adverb.

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Get into your groups from yesterday and finish
working on finding the 4 types of sentences and
the verbal types in To Kill a Mockingbird.
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Coordinating Conjunctions
F forA andN norB butO orY yetS
so

• Coordinating conjunctions connect words, phrases,
  and clauses.
• A coordinating conjunction can join two main
  clauses that a writer wants to emphasize equally.
  The pattern for coordination looks like this
• main Clause , coordinating conjunction main
  Clause.

Subordinating Conjunctions
AWUBIST A- after, although, as, as if, as long
as, as much as, as soon as, as though W- When,
whenever, Where, Whereever, While U- Until,
unless B- Because, Before I- if, in S- Since,
So T- That, Than, though, Till
A subordinating conjunction joins a subordinate
clause to a main clause.
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Prepositional Phrases

• A preposition links nouns, pronouns and phrases
  to other words in a sentence. The word or phrase
  that the preposition introduces is called the
  object of the preposition.
• A preposition usually indicates the temporal,
  spatial or logical relationship of its object to
  the rest of the sentence as in the following
  examples
• The book is on the table.
• The book is beneath the table.
• The book is leaning against the table.
• The book is beside the table.
• She held the book over the table.
• She read the book during class.

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A prepositional phrase is made up of the
preposition, its object and any associated
adjectives or adverbs. A prepositional phrase can
function as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb.
The most common prepositions are "about,"
"above," "across," "after," "against," "along,"
"among," "around," "at," "before," "behind,"
"below," "beneath," "beside," "between,"
"beyond," "but," "by," "despite," "down,"
"during," "except," "for," "from," "in,"
"inside," "into," "like," "near," "of," "off,"
"on," "onto," "out," "outside," "over," "past,"
"since," "through," "throughout," "till," "to,"
"toward," "under," "underneath," "until," "up,"
"upon," "with," "within," and "without."