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Personality Testing

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Ancient Greeks characterized human character by excessive influence of bodily fluids: ... & behavior in social situations ... What Make a Good Personality Measure ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Personality Testing


1
Personality Testing
2
Definition of Personality
Personality refers to factors inside people
that explain their behavior (MacKinnon,
1944). The sum total of typical ways of acting,
thinking, and feeling that makes a person
unique.
3
History of Personality
  • Ancient Greeks characterized human character by
    excessive influence of bodily fluids blood,
    yellow black bile, and phlegm.
  • Early psychological examinations looked at
    psychopathology.
  • By the 1930s researchers started looking at the
    structure of everyday behaviour. Came up with
    universal traits.

4
Traits
  • Relatively enduring patterns of behavior
    (thinking, acting, and feeling) that are
    relatively consistent across situations.
  • Trait Examples
  • - introvert
  • extrovert
  • assertiveness
  • persistence (Mayer)
  • narcissism
  • Resilience
  • -locus of control

5
The Trait Theory
Many agree that five basic traits provide a
complete description of our personalities. They
are
Openness - refers to open-minded thinking and
interest
Conscientiousness - refers to how organized and
persistent we are in pursuing our goals.
Extroversion - refers to the preference for,
behavior in social situations
Agreeableness - refers to how well we tend to
interact with others
Neuroticism - refers to the tendency to
experience negative thoughts and feelings.
Additions to the Big Five? Honesty, Respect,
Integrity,.
6
How Personality is AssessedFrank
(1939) stated that an initial difficulty in the
study of personality is the lack of any clear cut
conception of what is to be studied.- construct
validity issues
7
What Are Projective Tests?
A projective test uses ambiguous stimuli
designed to reveal the contents of the clients
unconscious mind.
8
What Are Objective Tests?
In an objective test, no attempt is made to
subjectively understand what the person means by
answer to each question.
9
What Make a Good Personality Measure
Interpretability - Broad vs. Narrow (more
reliable) Stability - Are tests valid? -
Are they reliable? - Are they standardized?
10
How is Personality Different from Mood?
  • Temporal stability short vs. long term?
  • Assumed etiology/cause situation specific vs.
    person-centered?
  • Assumed mutability changeable or stable?

11
Objective Tests
  • Examples
  • 16PF
  • Myers Briggs Inventory (better to use the
    NEO-PI)
  • Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
    (MMPI)

12
The MMPI-2
  • 567 item, T/F inventory developed using an
    empirical approach
  • Criterion group validation (T gt 65)
  • Low face validity (see Burisch criteria)
  • Validity scales (e.g., L, K, F, Fb, S, VRIN/TRIN)
  • Primary clinical
  • Restructured clinical
  • Content/Content component
  • Supplemental

13
Subjective Tests
  • TAT
  • Rorschach using Exner scoring system
  • Location
  • Determinant
  • Content
  • Popular
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