The Byzantine Empire Influences Russia

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The Byzantine Empire Influences Russia
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Byzantine missionaries converted the Slavs

• Saint Methodius and Saint Cyril invented the
  Cyrillic Alphabet which led to the spread of
  Orthodox Christianity in Russia.
• Write your name!

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Rise of Russia

• Geography-lies on Eurasian plain and borders
  China
• Ural Mts. Physical boundary
• Wanted Moscow to be the Third Rome
• 3 regions helped shape early Russian life
• North-Lumber and hunting
• South-Fertile land for farming
• Steppe-treeless grassland Open to nomads from
  Asia and Europe

• Kiev Commercial city in Ukraine established by
  Scandinavians in 9thc, became the center for a
  kingdom that flourished until the 12th c.

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Steppe Areas

• Great Highway
• Nomadic migrates
• Rivers linked Byzantine to Russia
• Vladimir I ruler of Kiev (980-1015) converted
  kingdom to orthodox Christianity
• Russian Orthodoxy Russian form of Christianity
  brought from the Byzantine Empire

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First Civilization

• Kiev Rus in Present day Ukraine
• Home of vital trading networks
• Would become the center of the first Russian
  state
• Boyars Russian landholding aristocrats
  possessed less political power than their western
  European counterparts

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Kiev and the Byzantine Empire

• Trade helped Kiev enter the Byzantine empire
• 957 Princess Olga of Kiev converted to Byzantine
  Christianity
• Grandson, Prince Vladimir, spread religion which
  gained strength
• Yaroslav the Wise led Kiev at its height
• Built Santa Sophia Church
• Cyrillic alphabet was devised and used
• Russians started to adapt religious art, music
  and architecture
• Onion domes

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Onion Domes

• Type of architectural dome that frequently adorns
  Russian Orthodox Churches.

• The domes are often brightly painted the colors
  symbolize different aspects of religion. Green,
  blue, and gold domes represent the Holy Trinity,
  the Spirit of God, and Jesus, respectively.
• Onion domes often appear in groups of three or
  five, representing the Holy Trinity or Jesus and
  the Four Evangelists, respectively. Domes
  standing alone represent Jesus.

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Mongol Influences

• Nomadic people from central Asia
• United by Genghiz Khan (Later Chapters)
• Looted and burned Kiev
• Russian princes had to pay money to rule without
  Mongol interference
• Mongol rule cut off Russian contacts with Western
  Europe which were making advances in art and
  science
• Russian Orthodox grows stronger due to religious
  toleration
• Tatars Mongols who conquered Russian cities
  during the 13th c. left Russian church and
  aristocracy intact

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Moscow Takes Lead

• With their location near trading rivers, Moscow
  steadily increased their power
• Head of Russian Orthodox church made Moscow
  capital, became political and spiritual center

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Ivan the Great ---- Ivan III

• Recovered Russian territories that were lost to
  invading Mongols
• Tried to limit the power of boyars (landowning
  nobles)
• Took on the title of Czar (Russian for Caesar)

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Ivan the Terrible --- Ivan IV

• Grandson
• Nobles granted land for military service
• Tied serfs to land
• Violent, killed own son
• Black horses and black robes-slaughtered rebels
• Introduced Russia to extreme absolute power
  Eastern Europe

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Shaping Eastern Europe

• Geography makes area cultural crossroads
• Crusades will bring in a lot of Muslims to area

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Recap

• Byzantine
• Greek language
• Claimed right to appoint the head of the church
• Did not accept pope
• Good Silk, Paper
• Taxes provided money to run govt. and army

• Western Europe
• Latin in churches
• Pope had power and the people accepted
• Trade, town life and learning declined after the
  fall of Rome