Pandemic Influenza Planning and Preparedness in Contra Costa County

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Pandemic Influenza Planning and Preparedness in
Contra Costa County
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Special thanks to the following for the use of
their slides
Howard Backer, MD Chief, Immunization Branch,
California Department of Health Services Michael
T Osterholm PhD, MPH Director, Center for
Infectious Disease Research and Policy and
Associate Director, DHS National Center for Food
Protection
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Overview

• The difference between
• ?Seasonal influenza
• ?Avian influenza
• ?Pandemic influenza
• What you can do to get prepared

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A Modern World View of Pandemic Influenza


The Truth
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• Seasonal Influenza
• Respiratory illness characterized by fever,
  headache, tiredness, dry cough, sore throat,
  runny nose, etc.
• Complications occur mostly among high risk
  including those with congestive heart disease,
  asthma and diabetes

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Seasonal Influenza

• High infectivity
• Short incubation period
• Clinical illness is non-specific
• Easily transmitted
• Routes of transmission
• Large droplets (sneezing, coughing, contact with
  saliva)
• Fomites doorknobs, Kleenex, etc.
• Rarely airborne over long distance

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Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) is an infectious
disease of birds
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The disease occurs worldwide. Many wild bird
species carry these viruses with no apparent
signs of harm.
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Other bird species, including domestic poultry,
develop disease when infected with avian
influenza viruses.
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Avian influenza in poultry has a mortality rate
that can approach 100 within 48 hours.
Approximately 150 million birds have been
culled (destroyed).
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Avian Flu and People
As of October 12, 2007, 331 people in 12
countries have been infected with H5N1 (avian
influenza) and 202 have died of the
disease. Most were infected by close contact
with infected birds.
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How could avian flu become easily transmissible
from person to person?
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• If an avian virus and human-adapted virus swap
  genes in a co-infected cell of an animal or
  human, a third virus would result that could be
  readily transmitted by and between humans.

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Mechanisms of Influenza Virus Antigenic Shift
Non-human virus
Human virus
Reassortant virus
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• Definition of an Influenza Pandemic
• a new (novel) influenza virus subtype in humans
  causing serious illness
• little or no immunity in the population and,
• it spreads easily from person to person.

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Pandemic influenza is different from the
current avian influenza. Influenza pandemics
are recurring events.
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Influenza Pandemics in the 20th Century
Years Flu Virus Mortality
1918-1919 Spanish Type A (H1N1)
20 million worldwide 550,000 US
1957-1958 Asian Type A (H2N2) 70,000
US 1968-1969 Hong Kong
Type A (H3N2) 34,000 US
Glezen WP. Epidemiol Rev. 19961865.Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention. Influenza
Prevention and Control. Influenza. Available
athttp//www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/flu/fluinfo
.htm.
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Pandemic Severity Index
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Planning Assumptions Contra Costa County Total
Over 18 months

Infected 337,630
Outpatient 168,815
Hospital 16,882
ICU 3,022
Ventilator 1,519
Deaths 3,950

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• Things you can do this flu season
• Promote hand washing and respiratory etiquette
  (cover your cough)
• Provide hand sanitizers at work stations
• Provide gloves to money handlers
• Get a flu shot
• Clean shared equipment such as phones and
  keyboards regularly
• Contact Health Services about becoming a Point of
  Dispensing Push site

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Our website cchealth.org contains information
about pandemic flu preparedness including a Tool
Kit for schools and childcare centers and
checklists for business, law enforcement, etc.
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For up-to-date health emergency information in
Contra Costa call 1-888-959-9911 Thank You!