Canadian

1
Demographics

• Canadian World Issues

2
Demographics

1. Studying Population
2. Population Pyramids
3. Global Village

3
Studying Population

• Population Geography
• The study of SPATIAL variations in the
  distribution, composition, migration, and growth
  of populations over time.
• Demography
• The study of human population dynamics. It looks
  at how populations change over time due to
  births, deaths, migration and ageing.
• Demographics
• A term for population characteristics.
  Demographics include birth rate, death rate,
  immigration, age, income, sex, education,
  occupation, religion, nationality,

4
Studying Population

• Population change over time will inevitably
  affect.
• Political Systems
• Economics
• Social Structures
• Environments

5
Studying Population
Billions
Developing countries
Developed countries
Source United Nations Populations Division,
World Population Prospects, The 2004 Revision,
medium variant.
6
Studying Population

• Factors that may lead to population increase
  include
• Food
• Health
• Economic Growth
• Migration

7
Studying Population

• Growth Rate
• the number of persons added to (or subtracted
  from) a population due to natural increase and
  net migration.
• Birth rate number of live births per 1,000
  population per year.
• Death rate number of deaths per 1,000 population
  per year.
• Rate of Natural Increase
• birth rate death rate rate of natural increase

8
Studying Population

• Factors that contribute to the decline in death
  rate include
• Better Nutrition
• Better Access to Medical Care
• Improved Sanitation
• Better Immunization
• Net Migration immigrants emigrants

9
Studying Population

• Effects of Population Increase
• Increased poverty
• Resource depletion
• Medicine shortages
• Urban sprawl

10
Studying Population

• A specific pattern of population growth has
  occurred in many developed nations during the
  past 60 years.

Baby Boom
Baby Echo
Births
Generation Y
Generation X
1965
2025
1945
1985
2005
11
Studying Population

• Factors that may lead to population decline
• Heavy Emigration
• Disease
• Famine
• War
• Sub-replacement Fertility
• a fertility rate that is not high enough to
  replace an areas population. Sub-replacement
  fertility rate is 2.1 children per woman or
  higher.

12
Studying Population

• Population Decline in the past
• The Black Death
• Old World Diseases
• Potato Famine
• Population Decline today
• Sub-replacement Fertility Levels
• Migration (to be discussed in the next lesson)

13
Studying Population

• Why low sub-replacement fertility rate?
• Urbanization
• Contraception
• Government Policies
• Exception United States where natural increase
  rates have remained stable
• And within the US, incredible regional variations

14
Studying Population
60-81
50-59
40-49
30-39
20-29
15
Studying Population

• Pregnancy Rate Canada US 1974-1997
• (not just birth rate as illustrated in previous
  map)

16
Studying Population
Average Number of Children per Woman
Source PRB, 2005 World Population Data Sheet.
17
Studying Population

• Effects of Population Decline
• Deflation
• Rise in the standard of living
• Population aging
• Small impact on the environment
• Political power?

18
In the developed countries, there are fewer and
fewer young people and more and more elderly.
Studying Population
Millions
Age
Males
Females
Source United Nations Populations Division,
World Population Prospects, The 2004 Revision.
19
The young population of the developing countries
translates to great growth potential.
Studying Population
Millions
Age
Males
Females
Source United Nations Populations Division,
World Population Prospects, The 2004 Revision.
20
Europe is the only world region projected to
decline in population by 2050.
Studying Population
Millions
21
Population Pyramids

• A population pyramid is two back-to-back bar
  graphs, one showing the number of males and one
  showing females in a particular population in
  five-year age groups (also called cohorts).
• A great deal of information about the population
  broken down by age and sex can be read from a
  population pyramid, and this can shed light on
  the extent of its development.
• Birth rate trends
• Death rate trends
• Number of economic dependents (lt15, gt65)

22
Population Pyramids

• Three basic shapes of population pyramids.

23
Population Pyramids CAN 1961
Aging Population
Depression
Baby Boom
24
Population Pyramids CAN 2006
25
Population Pyramids US 1990
26
Population Pyramids US 2000
27
Population Pyramids US 2025
28
Population Pyramids US 2050
29
Population Pyramids US 2100
30
Global Village

• If the world were a village of 1000 people, it
  would include
• 584 Asians
• 124 Africans
• 95 Eastern and Western Europeans
• 84 Latin Americans
• 55 former Soviets
• 52 North Americans
• 6 Australians and New Zealanders

31
Global Village

• The people of the village would speak
• 165 Mandarin
• 86 English
• 83 Hindu/Urdi
• 64 Spanish
• 58 Russian
• 37 Arabic
• and the remaining villagers would speak a variety
  of 200 other languages

32
Global Village

• The religion practiced by the villagers would be
• 329 Christians (among them 187 Catholics, 84
  Protestants, and 31 Orthodox)
• 178 Muslims
• 167 "Non religious"
• 60 Buddhists
• 45 Atheists
• 32 Hindus
• 3 Jews
• and 86 of other religions

33
Global Village

• Financially speaking in this 1000 person
  community
• 200 people receive 75 percent of the income
• Another 200 receive only 2 percent of the income.
• Only 70 people of the 1000 own an automobile
  (although some of the 70 own more than one car).
• About one-third have access to clean, safe
  drinking water.

34
Global Village

• Looking at the social structure of the village,
  there are
• 5 soldiers
• 7 teachers
• 1 doctor
• 3 refugees driven from home by war or drought
• and half of the adults are illiterate

35
Global Village

• The village has a total yearly budget, public and
  private, of over 3 million - 3,000 per person
  if it is distributed evenly.
• Of the total 3 000 000
• 181,000 goes to weapons and warfare
• 159,000 to education
• 132,000 to health care

36
Global Village

• Nuclear Power in the Village
• The village has buried beneath it enough
  explosive power in nuclear weapons to blow itself
  to smithereens many times over. These weapons are
  under the control of just 100 of the people.
• The other 900 are watching them with deep
  anxiety, wondering whether they can learn to get
  along together and if they do, whether they
  might set off the weapons anyway through
  inattention or technical bungling and if they
  ever decide to dismantle the weapons, where in
  the world village will they dispose of the
  radioactive materials of which the weapons are
  made?