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Psychology 307 Cultural PsychologyLecture 12
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Optional Paper Topic due date March 21 (Option A
or B, 3-5 sentence summary e-mail to your TA for
approval). Paper due date April 4. Option A
Review psychological literature on a topic not
discussed in class that interests you. Option B
Consider how an issue of universal psychological
importance is addressed in at least two different
cultures.
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Personality, Groups, Relationships, Interpersonal
Attraction, and Love
1. Do trait theories adequately describe
personality in non-Western cultures? (continued)
2. How does culture influence ingroup-outgroup
relations?
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By the end of todays class, you should be able
to
1. review research findings regarding the
universality of the Big 5 dimensions.
2. discuss the personality profiles of distinct
cultures on the Big 5 dimensions.
3. contrast emic and etic measures of
personality.
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4. describe indigenous personality dimensions
identified in the Philippines and other
non-English speaking cultures.
5. describe how individualism-collectivism (IC)
influences attitudes and behaviour toward
ingroup and outgroup members.
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Do trait theories adequately describe
personality in non-Western cultures? (continued)
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High N, Low C
High E, A,and O
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• The largest differences found were for E

E.g., Mean scores on E
Americans 52.3Belgians 52.2Canadians
52.5English 53.7French Swiss 51.0Irish
55.6Portuguese 51.3
Chinese 46.6Ethiopians 47.0Filipinos
48.9Indians 48.5Moroccans 44.8Nigerians
44.4Ugandans 46.5
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• On the basis of mean scores on the FFM, McCrae
  and Terracciano (2005) concluded that there is
  greater similarity than difference across
  cultures with respect to personality.

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• In contrast to McCrae and Terracciano (2005),
  other researchers have administered indigenously
  developed measures to participants in other
  cultures

• Church et al. (1997)

• Developed an indigenous measure of personality in
  the Philippines.

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• The researchers

(a) identified 5,900 trait adjectives in the
Filipino language dictionary.
(b) reduced the list of trait adjectives by
eliminating synonyms, physical descriptors,
temporary states, and unfamiliar terms.
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(c) administered the reduced list to
participants using self-report questionnaires.
(d) factor analyzed participants responses in
order to identify groups of highly
inter-correlated items.
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• They found 7 groups of inter-correlated items or
  dimensions underlying the trait adjectives. They
  labeled the dimensions Gregariousness,
  Self-assurance, Concern for others vs. egotism,
  Conscientiousness, Intellect, Temperamentalness,
  and Negative valence

The first 5 of these dimensions are highly
correlated with E, N, A, C, and O, respectively
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Correlations between Church et al.s (1997)
Filipino Dimensions of Personality and the Big 5
Filipino Dimension E N A C O
Gregariousness .66 .03 -.13 -.37 .10
Self-Assurance .31 -.58 .13 .24 .36
Concern for others vs. Egotism -.03 -.17 .81 .56 .10
Conscientiousness -.35 -.20 .59 .77 -.01
Intellect .05 -.26 .30 .32 .56
p lt .01
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• However, the latter 2 dimensions are not
  correlated with the FFM dimensions. These may be
  indigenous Philippine dimensions

Temperamentalness Reflects emotional reactivity.
E.g., hot-headed and irritable vs. calm and
understanding.
Negative valence Reflects social deviance.
E.g., crazy and sadistic vs. normal and loving.
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• Research using indigenous measures derived from
  other languages (e.g., Chinese, Spanish, Greek)
  suggests that there may be more than 5
  dimensions underlying personality in other
  non-English speaking cultures.

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How does culture influence ingroup-outgroup
relations?

• Ingroup A group of people with whom one shares
  a sense of belonging or a feeling of common
  identity (i.e., us).

• Outgroup A group of people with whom one
  perceives dissimilarity or a lack of familiarity
  (i.e., them).

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• Theorists believe that individualism leads
  people to develop relatively low levels of
  commitment towards ingroups and to view the
  ingroup-outgroup distinction as fluid.

• In contrast, collectivism leads people to
  develop relatively high levels of commitment
  towards ingroups and to view the
  ingroup-outgroup distinction as stable.

• Evidence indicates that IC influences attitudes
  and behaviour toward ingroup and outgroup
  members

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• Triandis, McCusker, and Hui (1990 also see
  Matsumoto, 2008)

• Recruited participants from the U.S. and China.

• Had participants rate their social distance
  from 20 stimuli (e.g., their father, their
  closest friend).

• Had participants indicate how appropriate they
  believed subordinate, superordinate, and
  dissociative behaviours are when interacting
  with each stimulus

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Relationship Between Subordinate Behaviour and
Social Distance

PRC Peoples Republic of China
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Relationship Between Superordinate Behaviour and
Social Distance
PRC Peoples Republic of China
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Relationship Between Dissociative Behaviour and
Social Distance
PRC Peoples Republic of China
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Personality, Groups, Relationships, Interpersonal
Attraction, and Love
1. Do trait theories adequately describe
personality in non-Western cultures? (continued)
2. How does culture influence ingroup-outgroup
relations?