Quick Write

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Quick Write

• What is energy?

• What are the different types of Energy?

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Notes Energy
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• Energy is the ability to work.

• Work is done when a force exerted on an object
  moves that object some distance.

• Work is a transfer of energy

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Both work and energy are measured in Joules.
Work energy is force times distance
Units are Newtons x meters or Joules
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Two Types of Energy

• Kinetic Energy
• Energy associated with motion
• Ex. Dropping the bowling ball.

• Potential Energy
• Stored energy
• Ex. Lifting a bowling ball to a height.

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Kinetic Energy 1/2mass X velocity squared KE
½m x v²
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180000J
KE (½ 3600Kg) X (10m/s)²
Kinetic energy depends on the square velocity! So
at twice the speed the truck has 4 x the energy
If the truck has a mass of 3,600Kg and a velocity
of 10m/s, whats its Kinetic energy?
A more massive truck has more kinetic energy.
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Equation for Gravitational Potential energy

• PEgrav mass x gravity x height
• or
• PEgrav m x g x h

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Another type of Potential Energy

• Elastic PE
• PE associated with objects that can be stretched
  or compressed.

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Elastic Potential Energy
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Gravitational Potential Energy
50Kg
10 meters high
PEgrav mass x gravity x height
4900J
PEgrav 50Kg x 9.8m/s/s x 10m
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Please select a Team.

1. Team 1
2. Team 2
3. Team 3
4. Team 4
5. Team 5
6. Team 6
7. Team 7
8. Team 8

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If the mass of an object is 6g and the density is
3g/mL, what is the volume? Density mass/volume

1. 2mL
2. 2g
3. 18mL
4. 18g

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What, if any, is the difference in density
between a 20g piece of gold and a 600g piece of
gold?

1. 600g is greater in density
2. No difference

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What forces are acting on the balloon?

1. Friction only
2. Gravity only
3. Elastic only
4. All of the above

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When the motion of an object changes, what has
most likely happened?

1. Forces are balanced
2. Forces are unbalanced

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Team Scores
4 Team 3
4 Team 4
3.25 Team 7
3 Team 1
3 Team 2





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Channel Setting Instructions for ResponseCard
RF1. Press and release the "GO" or "CH"
button.2. While the light is flashing red and
green, enter the 2 digit channel code (i.e.
channel 1 01, channel 21 21). Channel is
413. After the second digit is entered, Press
and release the "GO" or "CH" button. The light
should flash green to confirm.4. Press and
release the "1/A" button. The light should flash
amber to confirm.
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50Kg
Now calculate Kinetic Energy
Whats its velocity if it falls for one second?
-Just Add Water Lab
Kinetic Energy ½m x v²
2401 J
KE (½ 50Kg) X (9.8m/s)²
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Thermal Energy
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Temperature

• The measure of the particle movement or kinetic
  energy of atoms and molecules in an object.

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Absolute zero

• The lowest temperature possible (-273 C) when no
  more energy can be removed from matter, or when
  particles are no longer moving.

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Thermal Energy

• The total energy of all particles in matter.

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Heat

• Movement of thermal energy from a high
  temperature to a low temperature.

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Heat Transfer

• Conduction Heat is transferred from one objects
  particles to another

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Heat Transfer cont

• Convection The mass movement of heated liquid or
  gas.
• EX. Wind, oven, home heating system.

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Radiation

• Transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves.
• EX The sun

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Conductors and Insulators

• A material that absorbs or conducts heat well is
  a conductor.
• EX Metals

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Conductors and Insulators

• Insulators are materials that do not conduct heat
  well and slow the transfer of energy.
• EX Wood, wool, straw, Styrofoam

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Specific Heat

• The amount of energy required to raise the
  temperature of 1Kg of a substance by one Kelvin.
• EX water has a specific heat of 4.18J/KgxKelvin
• Units J/KgxKelvin

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Equation for change in Energy or transfer of
thermal energy

• Mass x specific heat x change in temperature

Heat added specific heat x mass x (tfinal -
tinitial)
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• Energy conversion a change from one form of
  energy to another form.

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Energy conversion cont

• Most forms of energy can be converted into other
  forms
• Example Mechanical energy (running water) can be
  converted into electrical energy (electricity)

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For example burning coal at an electrical power
plant converts chemical energy into heat. The
heat makes steam which turns turbines mechanical
energy to make electrical energy. The electrical
energy is converted back into heat (oven), light
(lights in the house), and mechanical energy (a
cars engine) when it is used.
Gas ? engine
photosynthesis
Food ? your body
Heat lamp or hair dryer
Oil ? electricity via power plant
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Conservation of Energy

• Law of Conservation of Energy when one form of
  energy is converted into another form of energy,
  no energy is destroyed in the process
• Energy can not be created or destroyed

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Different Forms of Energy

• Mechanical motion or position of an object
• Thermal total energy of the particles in an
  object (the more energy the more heat is given
  off)
• Chemical PE stored in chemical bonds (food)

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• Electrical energy caused by moving electric
  charges

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• Electromagnetic energy visible light,
  microwaves, x-rays, and uv light

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• Nuclear fission and fusion

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Power

• Power is the amount of work done in a given time.

Equation for power
Power work/time
or
Power force x distance/time
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Power cont..

• Units for Power

Joules/second or
Watt (w)
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Formation of fossil fuels

• In the earths crust, under distinct pressure,
  temperature and geological processes,
  nonrenewable energy formed from once living
  organisms.

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Common Types of Fossil Fuels

• Coal
• Oil (petroleum)
• Natural Gas

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• Fossil Fuels make good fuels because the energy
  stored in them is abundant and easy to release
  when heated.
• Methane            CH4             (gas)
• Ethane              C2H6           (gas)
• Propane            C3H8           (gas)
• Butane              C4H10         (gas)
• Pentane             C5H12         (liquid, found
  in gasoline)
• Hexane             C6H14         (liquid, found
  in gasoline)
• Heptane            C7H16         (liquid, found
  in gasoline)
• Octane              C8H18         (liquid, found
  in gasoline)
• Pentadecane       C15H32       (liquid, found in
  kerosene  and jet fuel)
• Tetracosane       C24H50        (liquid, found in
  lubricating oil)

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Some common uses of Crude Oil

• Solvents
• Fertilizers
• Pesticides
• Plastics
• Diesel fuel
• Jet fuel
• liquified petroleum gas
• plastics

• Kerosene
• Synthetic fibers
• Synthetic rubber
• Detergents

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Source Energy Information Administration