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MatterProperties and Change
Section 3.1 Properties of Matter Section 3.2
Changes in Matter Section 3.3 Mixtures of
Matter Section 3.4 Elements and Compounds
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Section 3-1
Section 3.1 Properties of Matter

• Identify the characteristics of a substance.

• Distinguish between physical and chemical
  properties.
• Differentiate among the physical states of matter.

density a ratio that compares the mass of an
object to its volume
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Section 3-1
Section 3.1 Properties of Matter (cont.)
states of matter solid liquid gas Vapor Plasma
physical property extensive property intensive
property chemical property
Most common substances exist as solids, liquids,
and gases, which have diverse physical and
chemical properties.
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Section 3-1
Substances

• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up
  space.

• Matter is everything around us.
• Matter with a uniform and unchanging composition
  is a pure substance.
• Particles of matter are always in motion.
• The kinetic energy (speed) of these particles
  increases as temperature increases.

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Section 3-1
States of Matter

• The physical forms of matter, either solid,
  liquid, or gas, are called the states of matter.

• Solids are a form of matter that have their own
  definite shape and volume. Very Low Kinetic
  Energy

• Liquids are a form of matter that have a definite
  volume but take the shape of the container. Low
  Kinetic Energy

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Section 3-1
States of Matter (cont.)

• Gases have no definite shape or volume. They
  expand to fill their container. Very High
  Kinetic Energy

• Vapor refers to the gaseous state of a substance
  that is normally a solid or liquid at room
  temperature.
• Plasma very high kinetic energy- particles
  collide with enough energy to break into charged
  particles (/-).
• gas-like, variable shape volume

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Section 3-1
Physical Properties of Matter

• A physical property is a characteristic that can
  be observed or measured without changing the
  samples composition.

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Section 3-1
Physical Properties of Matter (cont.)

• Extensive properties are dependent on the amount
  of substance present, such as

• Intensive properties are independent of the
  amount of substance present, such as

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A. Extensive vs. Intensive
Extensive vs. Intensive

• intensive
• extensive
• extensive
• intensive
• intensive

• Examples
• boiling point
• volume
• mass
• density
• conductivity

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Section 3-1
Chemical Properties of Matter

• The ability of a substance to combine with or
  change into one or more other substances is
  called a chemical property.
• describes the ability of a substance to undergo
  changes in identity

• Examples

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Section 3-1
Observing Properties of Matter

• A substance can change

• Chemical properties can change with specific
  environmental conditions, such as temperature and
  pressure.

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B. Physical vs. Chemical
Physical vs. Chemical

• physical
• chemical
• physical
• physical
• chemical

• Examples
• melting point
• flammable
• density
• magnetic
• tarnishes in air

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Section 3-1
Section 3.1 Assessment
Density is what kind of property? A. atomic
B. intensive C. extensive D. dependent

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 3-1
Section 3.1 Assessment
What defines a gas? A. Gases have a definite
volume and shape. B. Gases have a definite
volume but take the shape of their
container. C. Gases have no definite volume
or shape. D. Gases have a definite shape but
no definite volume.

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 3-2
Section 3.2 Changes in Matter

• Define physical change and list several common
  physical changes.

• Define chemical change and list several
  indications that a chemical change has taken
  place.
• Apply the law of conservation of mass to chemical
  reactions.

observation orderly, direct information
gathering about a phenomenon
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Section 3-2
Section 3.2 Changes in Matter (cont.)
physical change phase change chemical change law
of conservation of mass
Matter can undergo physical and chemical changes.
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Section 3-2
Physical Changes

• A change that alters a substance without changing
  its composition is known as a physical change.

• A phase change is a transition of matter from one
  state to another.
• Examples

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Section 3-2
Chemical Changes

• A change that involves one or more substances
  turning into new substances is called a chemical
  change.
• changes the identity of a substance
• products have different properties

• Examples

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B. Physical vs. Chemical

• Signs of a Chemical Change
• change in color or odor
• formation of a gas
• formation of a precipitate (solid)
• change in light or heat
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vQL7V3L3dfDM

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B. Physical vs. Chemical
Physical vs. Chemical

• chemical
• physical
• chemical
• physical
• physical

• Examples
• rusting iron
• dissolving in water
• burning a log
• melting ice
• grinding spices

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B. Physical vs. Chemical

• Reaction occurs when one or more substances are
  changed into new substances.
• Reactants- stuff you start with elements or
  compounds
• Products- What you make
• products have NEW PROPERTIES
• Yields Arrow separates reactants and products

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Section 3-2
Conservation of Mass

• The law of conservation of mass states that mass
  is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical
  reaction, it is conserved.

• The mass of the reactants equals the mass of the
  products.
• massreactants massproducts

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Section 3-2
Section 3.2 Assessment
When one substances turns into another, what kind
of change has taken place? A. chemical reaction
B. physical reaction C. extensive
reaction D. nuclear reaction

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 3-2
Section 3.2 Assessment
The law of conservation of mass states that
A. Matter can be created and destroyed.
B. Matter can be created but not
destroyed. C. The products of a reaction always
have a greater mass than the reactants. D. The
products of a reaction must have the same mass
as the reactants.

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D