Optical Projection

1
Optical Projection
2
Cartographic Projection
3
Semantic Projection, or The Picture Theory of
Pictures
4
Semantic Projection

• Blanche is shaking hands with Mary

5
Wittgensteins picture theory of meaning

• I call the sign with which we express a thought
  a propositional sign. And a proposition is a
  propositional sign in its projective relation to
  the world. (3.12)
• true proposition picture or map of a state of
  affairs in reality
• (atomic) proposition complex of simple signs
  (names) which stand in a projection relation to
  corresponding objects in the world.

6
Wittgensteins picture theory of meaning

• truth isomorphisms
• The proposition is a complex of names arranged
  in a certain order
• The Albertian grill is a complex of cells
  arranged in a certain order

7
Semantic Projection

• Already every simple list is such as to
  constitute a true grid in the sense here intended
  
• The membership of the category cat, like that
  of Mama, is a natural unit in nature, to which
  the concept cat does something like pointing, and
  continues to point despite large changes in the
  properties the thinker represents the unit as
  having. ... The difficulty is to cash in the
  metaphor of pointing in this context. (Millikan)

8
Grids fail

• either because the projective relation is not
  well-defined (vagueness, ambiguity,
  presupposition failure)
• or because the cells of the grid do not stand to
  each other in relations isomorphic to the
  relations between the corresponding target
  objects.

9
Directions of Fit

• Three sorts of tiling
• 1. the imputed grid depends exclusively on the
  grid of the map (a map-to-world direction of
  fit),
• 2. the grid on the map reflects a pre-existing
  grid in reality (a world-to-map direction of fit)
• 3. map grid and target grid are mutually
  dependent upon each other.

10
Directions of Fit

• 2a. the grid of the map reflects bona fide
  boundaries on the side of the target objects,
• 2b. the grid of the map reflects pre-existing
  fiat boundaries on the side of the target
  objects,
• 2c. the grid of the map reflects some combination
  of bona fide and fiat boundaries.

11
Globe





12
Globe





13
True grids can have different resolutions

• true maps of the very same reality can be of
  different scales

14
Therefore No Gods eye perspective No view
from nowhere

• ? every single one of the myriad perspectives we
  enjoy embodies a false view of reality
• This inference from partiality to falsehood is
  valid only in a world without windows.

15
FIT HAPPENS