Sustainable Livelihoods

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Sustainable Livelihoods

• What is it all about?

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Aims of this session

• You will
• be familiar with the SL principles and SL
  framework
• See where CNR fits in and what we contribute
• Be enthused to explore the use of the SLA in our
  own work
• Lets make this session as interactive as possible

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A Sustainable Livelihood.

• copes with and recovers from stresses shocks
•  maintains or enhances its capabilities and
  assets
• does not undermine resource base

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Why is SL important?

• By focusing on people rather than resources, we
  are better able to target our impact on poverty
  reduction

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  Focus on people Be Holistic Be
dynamic   Build on Strengths by being responsive
and participatory   Work at various levels by
working with partners Take a wide view of
sustainability
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Shocks Stresses Trends Change
Policies Institutions Processes
Livelihood Assets Natural, Human, Social,
Physical, Financial
Livelihood Strategies
Diversification
Migration

• Sustainable use of resource (asset) base
• Income
• Well being (physiological, physical, health)
• Resilience (shock, stress, trends, change)
• Food security (hunger)

Outcomes
Assets increased
Assets decreased
Sustainable Livelihoods Interactions
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Livelihood Strategies
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Livelihood Outcomes
Livelihood Strategies
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Livelihood Outcomes
Livelihood Strategies
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BUT..

• Livelihoods are not just about assets and
  aspirations
• What else enhances or limits peoples livelihoods?

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Vulnerability Context

• Shocks short term
• Stresses longer term (people may learn to cope
  with these)
• Trends long term (ever changing, usually in a
  downward spiral. People have to keep moving their
  perception to cope with these)

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Livelihood Outcomes
Livelihood Strategies
Vulnerability Context
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Policies, Institutions and Processes

• Social Relations and Institutions
• Organisations
• Policies

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Social Capital
Policy- Making Process
Institutions and Organisations The Interface
between policy and people
Peoples Aspirations
Policy on Paper
Policy Implementation
Livelihood Strategies
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Policies

• On paper and in practice
• They depend upon institutions and organisations
  for their implementation
• They are influenced by social relations and
  social actors

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Social Relations and Institutions

• Social relations
• Gender, paternalism, class, clientelism,
  solidarity, trust, respect, conflict and feuds...
• Institutions
• They do not necessarily take the form of an
  organisation
• The market, the law, Anglicanism, Islam

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Organisations

• Public Sector
• - Local government, National Government
• - State owned companies, parastatals
• Private Sector
• - Multinationals, national and local
• - Informal sector
• Civil Society
• - NGOs, associations, unions
• - Social movements, Churches, Mafia and
  Triads...

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Processes

• Whats going on
• How the policies are formed and how they are
  implemented
• Are the processes enhancing or constraining
  livelihood options?

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PIPs can affect

• Access to, and control of, assets
• The terms of exchange
• Incentives
• Creation of assets
• Inter-personal relations

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• Livelihood Outcomes
• Sustainable use of resource base
• Income
• Well-being
• Reduced vulnerability
• Food security

• Policies, Institutions processes
• Law
• Cultural norms
• Organisations at all levels
• Private, public, civil society

• Livelihood Strategies
• Diversification
• migration

• Vulnerability Context
• Shocks
• Stresses
• Trends

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A few thoughts..

• What does working in a Livelihoods focused way
  mean for our skills and competencies?
• What does working in a livelihoods way mean for
  Employers recruitment and management (styles)?
• Developing ways to work with a livelihoods focus
  are still evolving..