4-2 Parts of the Eukaryotic Cell

1
4-2 Parts of the Eukaryotic Cell

• A.Cell membrane
• B. Organelles

2
A.Cell membrane

• Controls the ease with which substances
  cross the membrane
• Selectively permeable
• Some substances
  can pass easily and others cannot

• Structure depends on its function
• Made up of lipids (fats) and proteins

3
1. Membrane Lipids

• Phospholipids make up the cell membrane.
• Lipid bilayer contains hydrophobic tail and
  hydrophilic head.

4
2. Membrane Proteins and Carbohydrates

• Peripheral proteins
• Attach to surface of cell membrane.
• On interior and exterior of cell.
• Integral proteins
• Embedded in cell membrane.

5
Membrane Proteins

•   Both types of proteins form channels for
  nutrients to travel and also give cell its
  selectively permeable status. 
• Both the lipids and the proteins help in
  structure and support of the cell.

6
B. Organelles

• One of several formed bodies with a
  specialized function that is suspended in the
  cytoplasm and found in eukaryotic cells.
• All organelles are membrane bound except one.

7
B. Organelles

• Cytoplasm is the area between the nucleus
  and cell membrane which is made of a gelatin like
  substance called cytosol. It contains salts,
  minerals, and organic molecules (nutrients).
• We will look at 12 different organelles and their
  functions within the cell.

8
MR. GLEN went to the CCF to get some PVC
9
1. Mitochondria

• Transfer energy from organic compounds to ATP,
  which is energy that the cell can use.

10
2. Ribosome

• Not membrane bound. Functions in protein
  synthesis and important in synthesis of RNA

11
3. Golgi apparatus

• Processes and packages substances produced by the
  cell.

12
4. Lysosome

• Stores enzymes. Digests
  molecules, old organelles and foreign substances.
  Similar to a vacuole in a plant.

13
5. Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Two types, rough and smooth. The rough
  endoplasmic reticulum exports proteins and the
  smooth endoplasmic reticulum breaks down toxic
  substances, and synthesizes steroids.

14
6. Nucleus

• Stores hereditary information in DNA and
  synthesizes RNA.

15
7. Cytoskeleton

• Support, movement and division of cell. Made up
  of microfilaments and microtubules. Both are made
  of proteins.

16
8. Cilia

• Hairlike. Propels cell through its environment.
  More than flagella and shorter.

17
9. Flagella

• Move materials over cell surface. Also hairlike.
  Usually just a couple.

18
The last three are only found in plants.
19
 10. Plastid

• Like chloroplast, stores food or pigments.

20
11. Vacuole

• Stores enzymes and waste products. Similar to
  lysosome in an animal cell.

21
12. Cell wall

• Supports and protects cells.