TRANSPORTATION LOGISTICS

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TRANSPORTATION LOGISTICS

• Team Members
• Mazen Al Suwaidi
• Diego T. de Sa
• Suliman Alhamidi
• Fernando Ramos

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Transportation

• Transportation is the physical movement of goods
  and people between two points.
• Each of the five modes of transportation exists
  because of certain attributes that provide one or
  more advantages over the other modes of
  transportation. The attractiveness of a
  particular mode depends on the following
  attributes cost, speed, reliability, capability,
  capacity, and flexibility.

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Transportation Modes

• Airfreight
• Motor Carrier
• Ocean Transportation
• Railroad
• Pipeline

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Airfreight Transportation
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Airfreight

• Air is generally the fastest mode of
  transportation for shipments exceeding 600 miles.
  Air Cargo comprises a large number of daily
  flights in the United States and are operated by
  private parcel companies such as FedEx and UPS.

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Air Freight Capabilities

• Wearing apparel
• Electronics
• Printed matter
• Machinery and parts
• Cut flowers and nursery stock
• Auto parts and accessories
• Fruits and vegetables
• Metal products
• Photographic equipment

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Airfreight Advantages

• Make up lost time
• Perishable products
• Urgent deliveries

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Airfreight Disadvantages

• Expensive
• Line-haul cost of airfreight service
• Transportation cost
• Transit time
• Increasing handling costs
• Increasing loss and damage
• Belly freight

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Truck Transportation
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Motor Carrier (trucks)

• The trucking industry provides an essential
  service to the American economy by transporting
  large quantities of raw materials, works in
  process, and finished goods over land, typically
  from manufacturing plants to retail distribution
  centers.

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Motor Carrier Advantages

• Flexibility
• Ability to deliver the product to the customer

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Motor Carrier Disadvantages

• Limitations by highway weight and size.
• Speed limitations and hours-of-service (HOS)
  rules.
• Highway congestion

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The Classifications of Motor Carriers

• Less than truckload (LTL) - The shipments range
  from about 150 to 10,000 pounds.
• LTL carriers include Yellow Freight, Roadway,
  FedEx Freight, and ABF Freight System.

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The Classifications of Motor Carriers

• Truckload (TL) - The shipments range grater than
  10,000 pounds.
• TL traffic involve only one customer Prominent
  TL carriers include Schneider National, J.B.
  Hunt, Swift Transportation, and Werner
  Enterprises.

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Motor Carrier Delay
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Motor Carrier Delay

• Weather considerations include fog, snow,
  flooding, and high winds.Highway congestion
  which caused by increased travel demand include
  disabled vehicle, accident, and construction.

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Ocean Transportation
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Cargo Ships

• A cargo ship, also known as freighter, is one
  that carries cargo, goods and materials from one
  port to another.
• The largest volume of the international trade is
  carried by thousands of cargo ships through the
  worlds oceans, seas and lakes.

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Types of Cargo Ships

• Bulk Carriers
• These ships are designed to transport unpackaged
  bulk cargo such as cement, ore, grains and coal.
• 40 of the worlds
• merchant fleets.

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Types of Cargo Ships

• Container Ships
• These cargo ships carry intermodal containers
  that can be carried by land. Containers vary
  from 20 to 40 feet in length.

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Types of Cargo Ships

• Lake Freighters (Lakers)
• Lakers are bulk carriers that transport goods
  through the Great Lakes.

• The number of Lakers in operation has been
  reduced due to the Saint Lawrence Seaway, that
  allows access of ocean-going vessels to the Great
  Lakes.

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Unloading Container Ships

• Port cargo cranes are used to unload containers
  from cargo vessels.

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The Panama Canal

• A narrow land bridge between North and South
  America offered a way of creating a passage
  between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

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The Panama Canal

• The Panama Canal was built by the United States
  in 1914 after a failed attempt by the French.
• It has become a fundamental link for the shipping
  industry.

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Ocean Transportation

• The shipping industry is one of the largest
  employers in the nation.
• The largest U.S. ports in the eastern sea border
  are New York-New Jersey, Norfolk, Virginia,
  Philadelphia and Baltimore.
• In the Gulf of Mexico, Houston leads.
• The largest port in the Mississippi is New
  Orleans.
• On the west coast, the largest ports are
  Seattle-Tacoma, San Francisco, Long Beach and Los
  Angeles.

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Railroad Transportation
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Railroads

• Freight trains benefits the nations economy,
  transportation system and environment. However,
  its use is reduced by lack of flexibility, often
  by the need of transshipment at both ends of the
  trip due to lack of tracks to the point of
  pick-up and delivery. Authorities often encourage
  the use of cargo rail transport due to its
  environmental profile.

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U.S. Domestic Freight Movement
Source TRANSEARCH
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Rail Types of Freight Services

• Bulk Unit Train
• Moves very high volumes of a single commodity
• Coal, grain, minerals and waste
• One way (shipper to receiver)
• Mixed Carload
• Moves a diverse range of commodities.
• Chemicals, food products, forest products,
  metals, auto parts, waste and scrap.
• One way (shipper to receiver)
• Intermodal (container, trailer and automobile)
• Moves truck trailers
• Almost anything that can be pack in a truck or
  container like finished consumer goods,
  refrigerated foods, tools and parts for
  manufacturing and raw materials.
• Two way

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Example of Bulk Unit Train
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Example of Carload Train
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Example of Intermodal Train
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Railroads Advantages

• Rail adds transportation system capacity and
  reduces highway costs
• Rail promotes economic development and
  productivity
• Rail supports international trade
• Rail is more fuel efficient and generates less
  air pollution per ton mile than trucks
• Rail improves safety and security by offering a
  naturally separated right-of-way for freight.
• Reduces truck travel, congestions, and highway
  costs.

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Railroads Disadvantages

• Railroads currently are used primarily to haul
  bulk quantities of cargo and intermodal
  containers over long distances. Unless a
  manufacturing facility has a direct connection to
  the railroad, the remainder of the trip must be
  handled by truck. With today's demand for just
  in time freight, shipment by rail sometimes
  cannot meet the rapid and flexible demands of
  industry.

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Pipelines Transportation
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Pipelines

• One of the advancements humans have made in
  recent history is the ability to transport
  liquids and gases via the use of pipelines.
  Pipelines decrease both the amount of time and
  labor it would take to displace a liquid or gas
  from one destination to another.

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Basic Facts

• Roughly 200,000 miles of liquid pipeline in the
  United States.
• Size from 3 to 48 inch, Lengths 1 to 2000 miles.
• Constructed mainly of carbon steel

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What Pipelines Move

• Crude Oil as raw materials (onshore and offshore)
• Intermediates/ Chemicals from one location to
  another in manufacturing
• CO2 for Enhanced Oil Recovery
• Finished products- gasoline, diesel, jut fuel,
  etc.

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