Schemas

1
Schemas

• Deitel XML chapter 7
• Peltzer, XML Language Mechanics and Applications
  (Addison Wesley) Chapter 4 has much more on W3C
  schemas

2
Schemas vs DTD

• DTDs are inherited from SGML (Standard
  Generalized Markup Language).
• They cant be manipulated (searched or
  transformed into another format, like HTML) the
  way XML documents can, because DTDs are not XML.
• Schemas are XML. XML documents conforming to
  schema require validating parsers like DTDs do.
• Schemas themselves conform to DTDs which are
  bundled with the parser.
• Repositories of existing DTDs and Schema are
  available for download free.

3
Schemas

• DTDs define document structure, not content, so
  although
• ltvaluegt5lt/valuegt contains legal PCDATA, it cant
  be checked to insure the content is numeric.
• Markup like
• ltvaluegtHello Boblt/valuegt would also be valid
  PCDATA. The application using this XML document
  would itself have to test if value were numeric
  and take appropriate action if the test failed.
• Schemas are XML documents conforming to DTDs and
  must be validated to be processed. Schema do not
  use EBNF but use XML syntax.
• Schema can be manipulated (eg., searched, or
  elements added or removed) as with any XML
  document.
• W3C XML Schema are not covered (much) in Deitels
  book, only MS Schema. Many W3C examples of
  schema are in Peltzer, XML Language Mechanics and
  Applications (Addison Wesley)

4
Schemas

• Schemas view xml docs as a collection of
  datatypes
• DTDs view xml docs as a single entitity
• W3C 2001 schema specification lists 44 datatypes.
• There are 19 primitive types and 25 built-in,
  derived types.
• User derived and built-in types are both defined
  using the simpleType definitions, which restrict
  the type of data that can appear as content for
  an attribute value or text-only element.
• A schema datatype has 3 components a value
  space, a lexical space, a set of facets.

5
Examples

1. In ltbookgt learning XLM lt/bookgt the value space
   and lexical space are both string. (the value
   is the literal string learning XML and lexical
   space is the type string).
2. In ltnumbergt123lt/numbergt the value space is a set
   of literals (digits), the lexical representation
   might be a specified number of digit chars.

6
A simple schema for Author (saved as .xsd)

• lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"UTF-8"?gt
• ltxsschema xmlnsxs"http//www.w3.org/2001/XMLSch
  ema"gt
• ltxselement name"Author"gt
• ltxsannotationgt
• ltxsdocumentationgt
• lt/xsdocumentationgt
• lt/xsannotationgt
• ltxscomplexTypegt
• ltxssequencegt
• ltxselement name"Name"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"Address"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"City"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"State"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"Zip" type"xsstring"/gt
• lt/xssequencegt
• lt/xscomplexTypegt
• lt/xselementgt
• lt/xsschemagt

7
In validator
8
And an instance of the Author schema

• lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"UTF-8"?gt
• ltAuthorgt
• ltNamegtDwight Peltzerlt/Namegt
• ltAddressgtPo Box 555lt/Addressgt
• ltCitygtOyster Baylt/Citygt
• ltStategtNYlt/Stategt
• ltZipgt11771lt/Zipgt
• lt/Authorgt

9
Elements make up XML documents

• in MS Schema, ElementType defines an element. It
  contains attributes describing content, data
  type, name and so on for this element.
• MSXML (microsofts validating parser) is part of
  IE5, and is needed to build MS Schema.
• Element Schema is the root element for every MS
  Schema document.

10
facets

• Facets define the value space and properties for
  a specified data type. They consist of two types
  fundamental and non-fundamental facets.
• fundamental facets define a type
• non-fundamental facets impose restrictions on
  the type by limiting the range

11
fundamental facets

• Equal allows comparison
• Ordered- allows words to be placed in a
  predefined ordering
• Bounded- allows a lower and upper limit to be
  provided
• Cardinality- defines numeric relationship between
  occurrences of an entity (as in minOccurs0
  maxOccursunbounded ) Recall, we used the
  for this in DTDs.
• Numeric a value can be classified as numeric or
  nonnumeric as in numeric(valuetrue) or
  numeric(valuefalse)
• Examplewe might define isbn to consist of
  exactly 10 digit chars
• ltxssimpleType name isbnType
• ltxsrestriction basexsstringgt
• xspattern value0-910/gt
• lt/xsrestrictiongt
• lt/xssimpleTypegt
• Note- this is not precisely the way isbns are
  defined, since the last character might be alpha
  and provides a parity check

12
Eurosup to 10 decimal digits and exactly 2
decimal places

• ltxselement name Eurosgt
• ltxssimpleType name EuroDollarType
• ltxsrestriction basedecimalgt
• ltxstotalDigits value10/gt
• ltxsfractionDigits value2/gt
• lt/xsrestrictiongt
• lt/xssimpleTypegt
• lt/xselementgt
• A document instance
• ltEurosgt55.63lt/Eurosgt

13
Derived user types use simpleType definitions
and one of 3 methods restriction, list and Union

• Restriction uses one or more constraining facets
  to restrict the value or lexical space for the
  base type. A postal code might use
• ltxsdsimpleType name zipTypegt
• ltxsdrestriction basexsdstringgt
• ltxsdpattern value 0-99/gt
• lt/xsdrestrictiongt
• lt/xsdsimpleTypegt

14
Derived user types list

• List uses a predetermined itemType sequence of
  attributes to derive a new type. A
  whitespace-delimited list of decimal values for
  some lottery might be
• lt?xml version1.0?gt
• ltxsschema xmlnsxshttp//www.w3.org/2001/XMLSch
  emagt
• ltxssimpleType nameMyWinningNumbersgt
• ltxslist itemType namedecimal/gt
• lt/xssimpleTypegt
• lt/xsschemagt
• With a document instance of
• ltnumbers xsitypeMyWinningNumbersgt94 33 12
  76lt/numbersgt

15
Text version is not validated
16
Derived user typesunion

• Union creates a datatype derived from more than
  one base type. A number of basetypes participate
  in the union.
• ltxsdsimpleType nameUnionDemogt
• ltxsdunion memberTypesAType BType/gt
• lt/xsdsimpleTypegt
• Here the two types could be any base types. This
  would enable using eg., string or int to define a
  month as in
• ltMonthgtJan Feb Marlt/Monthgt
• ltMonthgt1 2 3lt/Monthgt

17
A complex type xsd (see next slide for discussion
of sequence)

• ltxscomplexTypegt
• ltxssequencegt
• ltxselement name"Author"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"Name"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"Address"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"City"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"State"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"Zip" type"xsstring"/gt
• lt/xssequencegt
• lt/xscomplexTypegt

18
Compositors

• Allow us to specify
• Sequential order of elements
• Choice of elements
• The ALL compositor allowing no restrictions for
  order and selection
• The previous slide used sequence.

19
Choice

• We might use, as part of a schema
• ltxschoicegt
• ltxselement namecreditcard typexsstring/gt
• ltxselement namecash typexsdecimal/gt
• ltxselement nametrade typexsstring/gt
• ltxschoicegt

20
ALL

• ALL is similar to ANY
• ltxselement name"FamilyName"gt
• ltxscomplexTypegt
• ltxsallgt
• lt xselement name"firstName"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"middleName"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"lastName" type"xsstring"
  minOccurs"0"/gt
• lt/xsallgt
• lt/xscomplexTypegt
• lt/xselementgt

21
namespaces

• Xsd and xs are used interchangeably.
• Xs serves as the default prefix for all XSD
  schemas.
• There are 3 distinct namespaces
• The XML schema namespace
• The XML schema data type namespace
• The XML schema instance namespace
• An example of the first appeared above as
• ltxsschema xmlnsxshttp//www.w3.org/2001/XMLSche
  magt

22
Global elements- anything declared before
complexType is global (see below)

• lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"UTF-8"?gt
• ltxsschema xmlnsxs"http//www.w3.org/2001/XMLSch
  ema" gt
• ltxselement name"Name" type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"Address"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"Author"gt
• lt!- -this is where global declarations stop - -gt
• ltxscomplexTypegt
• ltxssequencegt
• ltxselement name"City"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"State"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• lt/xssequencegt
• lt/xscomplexTypegt
• lt/xselementgt
• lt/xsschemagt

23
Global elements-document instance

• ltAuthor
• xmlnsxsi"http//www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-
  instance"
• xsinoNamespaceSchemaLocation"global.xsd"gt
• ltCitygtStringlt/Citygt
• ltStategtStringlt/Stategt
• lt/Authorgt

24
Using a target namespace for your document ---
this binds the document to the schema

• lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"UTF-8"?gt
• ltAuthor xmlnsxs"http//employees.oneonta.edu/hig
  gindm/Authors"gt
• ltNamegtDwight Peltzerlt/Namegt
• ltAddressgtPO Box 555lt/Addressgt
• ltCitygtOyster Baylt/Citygt
• ltStategtNYlt/Stategt
• ltZipgt11771lt/Zipgt
• ltPublishergt
• ltNamegtAddison Wesleylt/Namegt
• ltCitygtBostonlt/Citygt
• ltStategtMassachusettslt/Stategt
• lt/Publishergt
• ltBookTitlegtXML Language Mechanicslt/BookTitlegt
• ltISBNgt0-1-23458-0lt/ISBNgt
• lt/Authorgt

25
target namespace for your document may be
omitted.

• This means you are using built-in types and
  mapping all elements/attributes to the default
  namespace. You are then prevented from reusing
  locally declared elements.
• lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"UTF-8"?gt
• ltxsschema xmlnsxshttp//www.w3.org/2001/XMLSch
  emagt
• ltxselement name"Author"gt
• ltxscomplexTypegt
• ltxssequencegt
• ltxselement name"Name"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"Address"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"City"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"State"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"Zip"
  type"xsshort"/gt
• ltxselement name"Publisher"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"BookTitle"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"ISBN"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• lt/xssequencegt
• lt/xscomplexTypegt
• lt/xselementgt
• lt/xsschemagt

26
In validator
27
The document instance would not then have a
namespace

• lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"UTF-8"?gt
• ltAuthor
• xmlnsxsihttp//www.w3.org.2001.XMLSchema-i
  nstance"
• xsinoNamespaceSchemaLocation"Author.xsd"gt
• ltNamegtDwight Peltzerlt/Namegt
• ltAddressgtPO Box 555lt/Addressgt
• ltCitygtOyster Baylt/Citygt
• ltStategtNYlt/Stategt
• ltZipgt11771lt/Zipgt
• ltPublishergt
• ltNamegtAddison Wesleylt/Namegt
• ltCitygtBostonlt/Citygt
• ltStategtMassachusettslt/Stategt
• lt/Publishergt
• ltBookTitlegtXML Language Mechanicslt/BookTitlegt
• ltISBNgt0-1-23458-0lt/ISBNgt
• lt/Authorgt

28
Adding the target namespace to the schema root
defines a namespace for your user-defined
declarations

• lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"UTF-8"?gt
• ltxsschema xmlnsxs"http//www.w3.org/2001/XMLSch
  ema"
• targetNamespace"http//www.dpsoftware.com/name
  spaces/Author"
• xmlns"http//www.dpsoftware.com/namespaces/Aut
  hor"gt
• ltxselement name"Author"gt
• ltxscomplexTypegt
• ltxssequencegt
• ltxselement name"Name"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"Address"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"City"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"State"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"Zip"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"Publisher"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"BookTitle"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"ISBN"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• lt/xssequencegt
• lt/xscomplexTypegt
• lt/xselementgt
• lt/xsschemagt

29
An example document

• lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"UTF-8"?gt
• ltdpAuthor
• xmlnsdp"http//www.dpsoftware.com/namespaces
  /Author"
• xmlnsxsi"http//www.w3.org/20011/XMLSchema-i
  nstance"
• xsischemaLocation"http//www.dpsoftware.com/
  namespaces/author/AuthorV1.xsd"gt
• ltNamegtDwight Peltzerlt/Namegt
• ltAddressgtPo Box 555lt/Addressgt
• ltCitygtOyster Baylt/Citygt
• ltStategtNYlt/Stategt
• ltZipgt11771lt/Zipgt
• ltPublishergtAddison Wesleylt/Publishergt
• ltBookTitlegtXML Language Mechanicslt/BookTitlegt
• ltISBNgt0-1-23458-0lt/ISBNgt
• lt/dpAuthorgt

30
W\internet programming\validate_js.htm
31
Namespace prefix can be used to qualify each
element in a doc

• lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"UTF-8"?gt
• ltdpAuthor
• xmlnsdp"http//www.dpsoftware.com/namespace
  s/author"
• xmlnsxsi"http//www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-i
  nstance"
• xsiSchemaLocation"http//www.dpsoftware.com
  /namespaces/author Author.xsd"gt
• ltdpNamegtDwight Peltzerlt/dpNamegt
• ltdpAddressgtPO Box 555lt/dpAddressgt
• ltdpCitygtOyster Baylt/dpCitygt
• ltdpStategtNYlt/dpStategt
• ltdpZipgt11771lt/dpZipgt
• ltdpBookTitlegtXML Language
  Mechanicslt/dpBookTitlegt
• ltdpISBNgt0-1-23458-0lt/dpISBNgt
• lt/dpAuthorgt

32
Russian doll model

• ltBookgt
• ltTitlegtXMLlt/Titlegt
• ltAuthorgtDwight Peltzerlt/Authorgt
• lt/Bookgt

• ltxsschema xmlnsxshttp//www.w3.org/2001/XMLSche
  magt
• ltxselement name"Book"gt
• ltxscomplexTypegt
• ltxssequencegt
• ltxselement name"Title"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"Author"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• lt/xssequencegt
• lt/xscomplexTypegt
• lt/xselementgt
• lt/xsschemagt

33
Salami slice model

• ltxselement name"Title" type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"Author" type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"Book"gt
• ltxscomplexTypegt
• ltxssequencegtltxsschema
  xmlnsxs"http//www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
  elementFormDefault"qualified"gt
• ltxselement name"Title" type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"Author" type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"Book"gt
• ltxscomplexTypegt
• ltxssequencegt
• ltxselement ref"Title"/gt
• ltxselement ref"Author"/gt
• lt/xssequencegt
• lt/xscomplexTypegt
• lt/xselementgt
• lt/xsschemagt
• lt!- -reassemble Title and Author - -gt
• ltxselement ref"Title"/gt
• ltxselement ref"Author"/gt

34
Venetian blind model

• Venetian blind model uses elementFormDefault and
  attributeFormDefault to switch back and forth
  (hiding/exposing namespaces) in the document
  instance
• lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"UTF-8"?gt
• ltxsschema xmlnsxs"http//www.w3.org/2001/XMLSch
  ema" elementFormDefault"qualified"
  attributeFormDefault"unqualified"gt
• ltxselement name"Employer"gt
• ltxsannotationgt
• ltxsdocumentationgtComment describing your
  root elementlt/xsdocumentationgt
• lt/xsannotationgt
• lt/xselementgt
• ltxscomplexType name"employeeType"gt
• ltxssequencegt
• ltxselement name"name"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• ltxselement name"contact"
  type"xsstring"/gt
• lt/xssequencegt
• lt/xscomplexTypegt
• ltxscomplexType name"employeeTypeExt"gt
• ltxscomplexContentgt
• ltxsextension base"employeeType"gt
• ltxssequencegt
• ltxselement name"empName"
  type"employeeType"/gt

35
All NamedType components in this xsd are reusable

• ltxssimpleType name"Title"gt
• ltxsrestriction base"xsstring"gt
• ltxsenumeration value"Sci_Fi"/gt
• ltxsenumeration value"Information
  Systems"/gt
• lt/xsrestrictiongt
• lt/xssimpleTypegt
• ltxssimpleType name"Name"gt
• ltxsrestriction base"xsstring"gt
• ltxsminLength value"1"/gt
• lt/xsrestrictiongt
• lt/xssimpleTypegt
• ltxscomplexType name"Editor"gt
• ltxssequencegt
• ltxselement name"Title" type"Title"/gt
• ltxselement name"Author" type"Editor"/gt
• lt/xscomplexTypegt
• ltxselement name"Book" type"Editor"/gt

36
ContentModel template- use type attribute to
reference the named complex type definition

• ltxscomplexType name"nameType"gt
• ltxssequencegt
• ltxselement ref"firstName"/gt
• ltxselement ref"middleName"/gt
• ltxselement ref"lastName"/gt
• lt/xssequencegt
• /xscomplexTypegt

37
An ms schema

• lt?xml version "1.0"?gt
• lt!-- intro-schema.xml --gt
• lt!-- Microsoft XML Schema showing the ElementType
  --gt
• ltSchema xmlns "urnschemas-microsoft-comxml-dat
  a"gt
• ltElementType name "message" content
  "textOnly"
• model "closed"gt
• ltdescriptiongtText messageslt/descriptiongt
• lt/ElementTypegt
• ltElementType name "greeting" model
  "closed"
• content "mixed" order "many"gt
• ltelement type "message"/gt
• lt/ElementTypegt
• ltElementType name "myMessage" model
  "closed"
• content "eltOnly" order "seq"gt
• ltelement type "greeting" minOccurs "0"
• maxOccurs "1"/gt
• ltelement type "message" minOccurs "1"
• maxOccurs ""/gt
• lt/ElementTypegt

38
schema elements

• xmlns specifies the default namespace for the
  Schema element and the elements it contains.
• Attribute value urn... is the uri for this
  namespace.
• Microsofts xml parser recognizes element Schema
  and this namespace and validates the schema.
• Element Schema can contain only elements of
  ElementType for defining elements, AttributeType
  for their attributes and description for
  describing the element.
• This example specifies that element message may
  contain textOnly.
• The closed model attribute specifies that only
  elements declared in this schema may appear in
  conforming xml documents, anything else would
  invalidate the document.
• Element greeting has mixed content, indicating
  that both elements and character data may appear
  here. Order many indicates that any number of
  message elements and text may be contained in the
  greeting.

39
a conforming xml document

• lt?xml version "1.0"?gt
• lt!-- Fig. 7.2 intro.xml --gt
• lt!-- Introduction to Microsoft XML Schema --gt
• ltmyMessage xmlns "x-schemaintro-schema.xml"gt
• ltgreetinggtWelcome to XML Schema!
• ltmessagegtThis is the first
  message.lt/messagegt
• lt/greetinggt
• ltmessagegtThis is the second message.lt/messagegt
• lt/myMessagegt

40
msxml validator
41
a well-formed but non-conforming xml document

• lt?xml version "1.0"?gt
• lt!-- Fig. 7.3 intro2.xml --gt
• lt!-- An invalid document --gt
• ltmyMessage xmlns "x-schemaintro-schema.xml"gt
• ltgreetinggtWelcome to XML Schema!lt/greetinggt
• ltmessagegtThis is a message that contains
  another message.
• ltmessagegtThis is the inner
  message.lt/messagegt
• lt/messagegt
• lt/myMessagegt

42
using validator
43
Namespaces and declaring schema

• ltmyMessage xmlns "x-schemaintro-schema.xml"gt
• The namespace declaration xmlns references
  the schema being used.
• For MS Schema, the URI must begin with x-schema
  followed by a colon and the name of the schema
  document.
• Element greeting may have mixed content and in
  this example greeting marks up text and has a
  child message element.

44
Element attributes

• ElementType has attributes content, dttype,
  name, model and order.
• Element ElementTypes child elements are
  description, datatype, element, group,
  AttributeType and attribute.
• Element element has attributes type, minOccurs,
  maxOccurs.
• Element group has attributes order, minOccurs,
  maxOccurs.
• Element AttributeType has attributes default,
  dttype, dtvalues, name and required.
• Element attribute has attributes default, type,
  required.

45
An example of AttributeType and attribute

• lt?xml version "1.0"?gt
• lt!-- contact-schema.xml --gt
• lt!-- Defining attributes --gt
• ltSchema xmlns "urnschemas-microsoft-comxml-dat
  a"gt
• ltElementType name "contact" content
  "eltOnly" order "seq"
• model "closed"gt
• ltAttributeType name "owner" required
  "yes"/gt
• ltattribute type "owner"/gt
• ltelement type "name"/gt
• ltelement type "address1"/gt
• ltelement type "address2" minOccurs "0"
  maxOccurs "1"/gt
• ltelement type "city"/gt
• ltelement type "state"/gt
• ltelement type "zip"/gt
• ltelement type "phone" minOccurs "0"
  maxOccurs ""/gt
• lt/ElementTypegt

46
An example of AttributeType and attribute (part2)

• ltElementType name "name" content "textOnly"
• model "closed"/gt
• ltElementType name "address1" content
  "textOnly"
• model "closed"/gt
• ltElementType name "address2" content
  "textOnly"
• model "closed"/gt
• ltElementType name "city" content
  "textOnly"
• model "closed"/gt
• ltElementType name "state" content
  "textOnly"
• model "closed"/gt
• ltElementType name "zip" content "textOnly"
  model "closed"/gt
• ltElementType name "phone" content
  "textOnly" model "closed"gt
• ltAttributeType name "location" default
  "home"/gt
• ltattribute type "location"/gt
• lt/ElementTypegt
• lt/Schemagt

47
A conforming xml document

• lt?xml version "1.0"?gt
• lt!-- Fig. 7.11 contact.xml --gt
• lt!-- A contact list marked up as XML --gt
• ltcontact owner "Bob Smith" xmlns
  "x-schemacontact-schema.xml"gt
• ltnamegtJane Doelt/namegt
• ltaddress1gt123 Main St.lt/address1gt
• ltcitygtSometownlt/citygt
• ltstategtSomestatelt/stategt
• ltzipgt12345lt/zipgt
• ltphonegt617-555-1234lt/phonegt
• ltphone location "work"gt978-555-4321lt/phonegt
• lt/contactgt

48
Contact.xml in validator
49
MS Schema datatypes

• DTD did not permit the specification of allowable
  datatypes (content) an element or attribute might
  contain.
• Namespace prefix dt is defined by the document
  author and assigned to urnschemas-microsoft-comd
  atatypes
• Msdn.microsoft.com/xml/reference/schema/datatypes.
  asp has a complete list of types supported.

50
MS Schema datatypes

• boolean 0 or 1
• char a character, X
• string a sequence of char as in XYZ
• float and int as in C or Java
• date YYYY-MM-DD
• timeHHMMSS
• id text which uniquely identifies an element or
  its attribute.
• idref a reference to an id.
• enumeration a series of values from which one is
  chosen.

51
using data types

• lt?xml version "1.0"?gt
• lt!-- Fig. 7.13 id-schema.xml --gt
• lt!-- Using datatype ID --gt
• ltSchema xmlns "urnschemas-microsoft-comxml-dat
  a"
• xmlnsdt "urnschemas-microsoft-comdata
  types"gt
• ltElementType name "bookstore" content
  "eltOnly"
• order "many" model "closed"gt
• ltelement type "shipping"/gt
• ltelement type "book"/gt
• lt/ElementTypegt
• ltElementType name "shipping" content
  "eltOnly" order "seq"
• model "closed"gt
• ltAttributeType name "shipID" dttype
  "id"
• required "yes"/gt
• ltattribute type "shipID"/gt
• ltelement type "duration"/gt
• lt/ElementTypegt
• ltElementType name "duration" content
  "textOnly"
• model "closed" dttype "date"/gt

52
using data types a conforming xml document

• lt?xml version "1.0"?gt
• lt!-- Fig. 7.14 id.xml --gt
• lt!--Demonstrating ID and IDREF --gt
• ltbookstore xmlns "x-schemaid-schema.xml"gt
• ltshipping shipID "s1"gt
• ltdurationgt2000-08-01lt/durationgt
• lt/shippinggt
• ltshipping shipID "s2"gt
• ltdurationgt2000-08-20lt/durationgt
• lt/shippinggt
• ltbook shippedBy "s1"gt
• Java How to Program 3rd edition.
• lt/bookgt
• ltbook shippedBy "s2"gt
• C How to Program 3rd edition.
• lt/bookgt
• ltbook shippedBy "s2"gt
• C How to Program 3rd edition.
• lt/bookgt

53
id.xml in validator
54
Schema for an inventory database

• lt?xml version "1.0"?gt
• lt!-- Fig. 7.16 inventory-schema.xml --gt
• lt!-- Data type example --gt
• ltSchema xmlns "urnschemas-microsoft-comxml-dat
  a"
• xmlnsdt "urnschemas-microsoft-comdata
  types"gt
• ltElementType name "inventory" content
  "eltOnly"
• model "closed"gt
• ltelement type "book" minOccurs "0"
  maxOccurs ""/gt
• lt/ElementTypegt
• ltElementType name "book" content "eltOnly"
  order "seq"
• model "closed"gt
• ltAttributeType name "isbn" dttype
  "string"
• required "yes"/gt
• ltattribute type "isbn"/gt

55
inventory database continued

• ltelement type "name"/gt
• ltelement type "price"/gt
• ltgroup order "one"gt
• ltelement type "quantity"/gt
• ltelement type "available"/gt
• lt/groupgt
• lt/ElementTypegt
• ltElementType name "name" content
  "textOnly" model "closed"
• dttype "string"/gt
• ltElementType name "price" content
  "textOnly" model "closed"
• dttype "float"/gt
• ltElementType name "quantity" content
  "textOnly"
• dttype "int" model "closed"/gt
• ltElementType name "available" content
  "textOnly"

56
a conforming document inventory.xml

• lt?xml version "1.0"?gt
• lt!-- Fig. 7.17 inventory.xml --gt
• lt!-- Data type example --gt
• ltinventory xmlns "x-schemainventory-schema.xml"
  gt
• ltbook isbn "0-13-012507-5" inStock "yes"gt
• ltnamegtJava How to Program 3/elt/namegt
• ltpricegt68.00lt/pricegt
• ltquantitygt200lt/quantitygt
• lt/bookgt
• ltbook isbn "0-13-028418-1" inStock "no"gt
• ltnamegtPerl How to Programlt/namegt
• ltpricegt68.00lt/pricegt
• ltavailablegt2000-12-15lt/availablegt
• lt/bookgt
• lt/inventorygt

57
inventory in validator with one book node opened
58
Heres what inventory looks like opened in IE
59
My own database schema

• lt?xml version "1.0"?gt
• lt!-- classlist-schema.xml --gt
• lt!-- Data type example --gt
• ltSchema xmlns "urnschemas-microsoft-comxml-dat
  a"
• xmlnsdt "urnschemas-microsoft-comdata
  types"gt
• ltElementType name "classlist" content
  "eltOnly"
• model "closed"gt
• ltelement type "student" minOccurs "0"
  maxOccurs ""/gt
• lt/ElementTypegt
• ltElementType name "student" content
  "eltOnly" order "seq"
• model "closed"gt
• ltAttributeType name "ssn" dttype
  "string"
• required "yes"/gt
• ltattribute type "ssn"/gt
• ltAttributeType name "Matriculated"
  dttype "enumeration"
• dtvalues "yes no" default "no"/gt
• ltattribute type "Matriculated"/gt

60
my own database schema continued

• ltelement type "name"/gt
• ltelement type "year"/gt
• ltgroup order "seq"gt
• ltelement type "address"/gt
• ltelement type "credits"/gt
• ltelement type "birthdate"/gt
• lt/groupgt
• lt/ElementTypegt
• ltElementType name "name" content
  "textOnly" model "closed"
• dttype "string"/gt
• ltElementType name "year" content
  "textOnly" model "closed"
• dttype "string"/gt
• ltElementType name "address" content
  "textOnly"
• dttype "string" model "closed"/gt
• ltElementType name "credits" content
  "textOnly"
• dttype"int" model"closed"/gt
• ltElementType name "birthdate" content
  "textOnly"
• dttype "date" model "closed"/gt
• lt/Schemagt

61
Check if your schema is well-formed in validator
62
an xml document satisfying this schema

• lt?xml version "1.0"?gt
• lt!-- myclass.xml --gt
• lt!-- Data type example --gt
• ltclasslist xmlns "x-schemaclasslist-schema.xml"
  gt
• ltstudent ssn "000-11-2222" Matriculated
  "yes"gt
• ltnamegtBob Smithlt/namegt
• ltyeargtsophomorelt/yeargt
• ltaddressgt123 Park Stlt/addressgt
• ltcreditsgt15lt/creditsgt
• ltbirthdategt1988-04-15lt/birthdategt
• lt/studentgt
• lt/classlistgt

63
myclass has 4 students and is well-formed
64
Schema following w3c standards xsd file

• lt?xml version "1.0"?gt
• lt!-- Figure 7.20 xml-schema.xsd --gt
• lt!-- Example W3C XML Schema --gt
• ltxsdschema xmlnsxsd "http//www.w3.org/2000/10
  /XMLSchema"gt
• ltxsdelement name "message" type
  "xsdstring"/gt
• ltxsdelement name "greeting" type
  "greetingType"/gt
• ltxsdcomplexType name "greetingType" content
  "mixed"gt
• ltxsdelement ref "message"/gt
• lt/xsdcomplexTypegt
• ltxsdelement name "myMessage" type
  "myMessageType"/gt
• ltxsdcomplexType name "myMessageType"gt
• ltxsdelement ref "greeting" minOccurs
  "0"
• maxOccurs "1"/gt
• ltxsdelement ref "message" minOccurs
  "1"
• maxOccurs "unbounded"/gt
• lt/xsdcomplexTypegt
• lt/xsdschemagt

65
A conforming xml document

• lt?xml version "1.0"?gt
• lt!-- Fig. 7.19 intro3.xml --gt
• lt!-- Introduction to W3C XML Schema --gt
• ltmyMessage
• xmlnsxsd "http//www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSche
  ma-instance"
• xsdnoNamespaceSchemaLocation
  "xml-schema.xsd"gt
• ltgreetinggtWelcome to W3C XML
  Schema!lt/greetinggt
• ltmessagegtThis is a message.lt/messagegt
• ltmessagegtThis is another message.lt/messagegt
• lt/myMessagegt

66
It gets errors in MS Validator
67
W3C schema example (previous slide) parsed by
Xerces(not sure about weird chars in output)

• C\xerces-1_2_0gtjava dom.DOMWriter intro3.xml
• intro3.xml
• lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"UTF-8"?gt
• ltmyMessage xmlnsxsd"http//www.w3.org/2000/10/XM
  LSchema-ineûÅ?nce" xsdnoNamespaceSchemaLocation
• "xml-schema.xsd"gt
• ltgreetinggtWelcome to W3C XML
  Schema!lt/greetinggt
• ltmessagegtThis is a message.lt/messagegt
• ltmessagegtThis is another message.lt/messagegt
• lt/myMessagegt

68
intro3.xml parsed again by Xerces using DOMCount2

• C\XERCES1gtDOMCount2.bat
• C\XERCES1gtset PATHPATHc\progra1\java\jdk15
  1.0_0\binC\Progra1\Java\jdk15.0_0\bin
• C\XERCES1gtset CLASSPATHCLASSPATHc\xerces-1_
  2_0\xerces.jarc\xerces-1_2_0
• \xercesSamples.jarc\xerces-1_2_0\xerces.jarc\x
  erces-1_2_0\xercesSamples.jar
• C\xerces-1_2_0gtjava dom.DOMCount -p
  dom.wrappers.DOMParser intro3.xml
• intro3.xml 90 ms (4 elems, 2 attrs, 0 spaces, 83
  chars)
• C\XERCES1gt