RISE OF DICTATORS

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RISE OF DICTATORS
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Warm Up (Interwar Years)

1. 63 nations pledge to renounce war as national
   policy
2. What league turns out to be a great failure?
3. Policy of appeasement
4. Why does value of German money go down?
5. a period of low economic activity and rising
   unemployment
6. Black Tuesday
7. Totalitarian state

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Benito Mussolini

• Became the dictator of Italy
• Becomes known as Il Duce or the leader
• In 1919 he founded the National Fascist Party
• Fascism an authoritarian form of govt that
  places the good of the nation above all else,
  including individual rights
• Push extreme nationalism and love for the state
• Envisioned an aggressive state ruled by a strong
  all-powerful leader, tended to glorify violence
• In 1922 Fascists became a major force in the
  Italian parliament

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• Mussolini organized his followers, called the
  Brown Shirts, and led the March on Rome
• The King of Italy made Mussolini prime minister
• Mussolini than started to consolidate power by
  terrorizing opposition and shooting their leaders
• He soon gained control of the press and outlawed
  all other political parties
• Mussolini did make an agreement with the Catholic
  Church, called the Lateran Pact
• Established Vatican City as an independent state
  and in return the pope officially recognized
  Italy
• Mussolini wanted to build a glorious Italian
  empire just like in Roman times

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Joseph Stalin

• Became the dictator of the Soviet Union
• Used other leading members of the Communist party
  to outmaneuver the frontrunner after Lenin died
• Once he achieved this goal, he then either exiled
  or killed the people he used
• Turns himself into a living god of Communism
• Introduced Five-Year Plans
• Each factory and mine had production goals set by
  the state
• Led to increases in industrial output, but not
  for consumer goods

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• Collectivization combine private farms into
  larger, mechanized state-run farms
• Peasants, who received land under Lenin, lost
  their lands and then are forced to work on these
  collective farms
• Peasants who protested were either executed by
  Stalins police forces or sent to the system of
  labor camps in Siberia called the Gulag
• People in the Ukraine resisted and Stalin allowed
  millions to starve to death in retaliation
• Stalin killed millions of people he thought were
  or could plot against him
• In the late 1930s he wiped out most of the
  military officer corps

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• In 1936 he launched a series of show trials, in
  which people were tortured until they confessed
  to what Stalin wanted them to say
• He used this to wipe out the Old Bolsheviks,
  people who had been in the party prior to 1917
• Ten million people were arrested, several million
  were immediately executed, others sent to the
  Gulag
• Also tried to wipe out the middle class
• Stalin ruled with an iron fist and ruthlessly
  removed all opposition, real or imaginary

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Stalins reign

• Stalin is responsible for the murder of about
  43,000,000 people
• Stalin imposed a famine on Ukraine that murdered
  by starvation about 5,000,000 Ukrainians.

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Adolf Hitler

• Became the dictator of Germany
• Born in Austria, failed artist, fought for
  Germany in WWI
• After the war he joined the National Socialist
  Party, or Nazi for short
• Tries to seize power in the Beer Hall Putsch
• Fails and Hitler goes to jail, where he writes
  Mein Kampf or my struggle
• It outlines his major political ideas and goals
• Decided to reinvent the Nazis as a political
  party and use the existing political structure

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Hitler in WWI

• Hitler volunteered at age 25 by enlisting in a
  Bavarian Regiment
• Throughout most of the war, Hitler had great luck
  avoiding life threatening injury. More than once
  he moved away from a spot where moments later a
  shell exploded killing or wounding everyone.
• Hitler, unlike his fellow soldiers, never
  complained about bad food and the horrible
  conditions or talked about women, preferring to
  discuss art or history. He received a few letters
  but no packages from home and never asked for
  leave. His fellow soldiers regarded Hitler as too
  eager to please his superiors, but generally a
  likable loner notable for his luck in avoiding
  injury as well as his bravery.

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• Hitler's luck ran out when he was wounded in the
  leg by a shell fragment during the Battle of the
  Somme. He was hospitalized in Germany. It was his
  first time away from the front after two years of
  war. Following his recovery, he went sight seeing
  in Berlin, then was assigned to light duty in
  Munich. He was appalled at the apathy and
  anti-war sentiment among German civilians. He
  blamed the Jews for much of this and saw them as
  conspiring to spread unrest and undermine the
  German war effort.

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• In August 1918, he received the Iron Cross first
  class, a rarity for foot soldiers. Interestingly,
  the lieutenant who recommended him for the medal
  was a Jew, a fact Hitler would later obscure.
  Despite his good record and a total of five
  medals, he remained a corporal. Due to his
  unmilitary appearance and odd personality, his
  superiors felt he lacked leadership qualities and
  thought he would not command enough respect as a
  sergeant.

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• Creates the S.A., the Nazi army, which went
  around intimidating opponents and causing
  violence
• Hitler promised to fix the economic problems and
  to overturn the Treaty of Versailles and bring
  glory back to Germany since Germans were the
  master race
• By 1933 the Nazi party gained the majority of
  seats in the German parliament and Hitler was
  named Chancellor
• Once in power, Hitler passed a series of acts
  that gave him almost total authority
• Banned all political parties except the Nazis and
  trade unions as well
• Hitler now had to appease the only threat left,
  the German army

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• The army didnt like the power of the S.A.
• 1934 the Night of the Long Knives Hitler has
  the leaders of the S.A. murdered
• Following this attack, the German army pledges
  their complete loyalty to Hitler
• Hitler becomes a totalitarian ruler, taking the
  title of Fuhrer
• He was glorified as a great ruler and used
  propaganda to control the German people
• Created Nazi youth organizations brainwash young
  Germans
• Began to rebuild the German army and economy
• Also put his anti-Semitic beliefs into action,
  which led to the Holocaust and millions dying

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Hideki Tojo

• Became the dictator of Japan
• Many Japanese lost faith in their govt during
  the Great Depression and turned to the military
  for leadership
• The military began to promote the fighting spirit
  of Japanese troops
• Put military personnel in public schools,
  children began to learn aspects of warfare
• 1930s Japanese soldiers and military leaders
  carried out a series of assassinations of govt
  officials
• The govt grew more dominated by the military

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Francisco Franco

• Became the dictator of Spain
• In the 1930s the Spanish Civil War broke out
• One side was the Nationalists, a fascist-like
  group, led by General Franco
• They fought against the Republicans, who were
  trying to save the democracy
• Italy and Germany helped out Franco by testing
  their new weapons on towns that did not support
  him
• France and Great Britain refused to help the
  democracy, so it ended up getting help from the
  Soviet Union
• Franco wins and sets up a dictatorship in Spain

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• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vASW3UCc17AI
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vfZcs1SHVbz0feature
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