To learn about proteins

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Objectives

1. To learn about proteins
2. To understand the primary structure of proteins
3. To understand the secondary structure of proteins
   
4. To understand the tertiary structure of proteins
5. To learn the functions of proteins
6. To understand how enzymes work   

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Elements of Life

• Essential elements about 30 elements definitely
  known to be essential to human life
• Trace elements first-row transition elements
  found in tiny amounts in the human body

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A. Proteins

• Protein natural polymers, making up 15 of the
  body
• Types and Functions
• Fibrous structural integrity and strength
• Main components of muscle, hair, cartilage

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A. Proteins

• Globular worker molecules

• Transport and store oxygen and nutrients
• Act as catalysts
• Fight invasion of body
• Regulatory systems
• Transport electrons

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B. Primary Structure of Proteins

• ??amino acids building blocks of all proteins

• R groups (side chains) may represent H, CH3 or
  more complex substituents
• Amino group is always attached to the ??carbon,
  the one next to the carboxyl group.

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B. Primary Structure of Proteins
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B. Primary Structure of Proteins
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B. Primary Structure of Proteins

• Building a protein

• Reactions between 2 amino acids
• Forms a dipeptide

• Longer chains are polypeptides.

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B. Primary Structure of Proteins

• Primary structure

• Order or sequence of amino acids
• 3 letter codes

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C. Secondary Structure of Proteins

• Secondary structure arrangement in space of the
  chain of the long molecules

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C. Secondary Structure of Proteins

• Types

• ??helix
• pleated sheet

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D. Tertiary Structure of Proteins

• Tertiary structure overall shape of the protein

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D. Tertiary Structure of Proteins

• Disulfide linkage linkage between 2 cysteine
  amino acids which stabilizes the tertiary
  structure

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E. Functions of Proteins

• Denaturation process of breaking down the 3-D
  structure of a protein

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F. Enzymes

• Enzymes proteins that catalyze specific
  biological reactions

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F. Enzymes

• Lock and key model model for how an enzyme
  works

• Substrate reacting molecule
• Active site part of the enzyme where the
  substrate attaches