Meet a neuropsychological patient

1
(No Transcript)
2
Meet a neuropsychological patient
3
????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????
?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????
??? ????? ???? ????? ????
?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????????
?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????
4
??????????????? ?????? ??????
??????????????? ??????/??????
??????????????? ??????????
??????????????? ??????????

• ????? ??????? ?????-??????????.
• ????? ??????.
• ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????.
• ????? ?????? ?????.

• ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????
  ?? ??????? ?????? ????.
• ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???
  ???? ?????? ?????? ???????????

?? ??? ??????????????? ????? ???? ?????????????
????? ??????????????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????
????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??"?


5
????? ????? ????????????????
???
????? ?????? ?????
?????
????? ?????
???
?????
??????
??????
6
??????????????? ??? ????? ?????

?????????? ??????????
???? ?????
???????????????
?????? ??????????? ??????
???? ???? ???????????????
7
???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??????
8
???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????
learning is no other than recollection.
knowledge results from sensation and experience
reality is comprised of physical matter
9
???? ????-??? ???? ?- 17
???????

• ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????
• ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????
• ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????????

?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????
?????????? ?? ??????? ??????. ???? ??? ?? ????
????? (parallelism) ???? ???? ????? ???? ????????
?? ?? ??.
10
???? ????-??? ???? ? - 18
Idealism Immaterialism
????????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???????
mind-dependent ?? ??? ??? (?? ????) ??????
??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? (?????
??????).
Materialism
11
????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????!!!
?????? ??? ???????????

• ????? ???? Johann Kaspar Spurzheim )
• ???? ???? 35 ????? ????? ?????
• ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????, ????? ?????
  ???????? ???? ????
• ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????????
• ???, ???? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ??
  ??? Anatomical Personology

???? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????
Localiztionism
????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? The
aggregate field
12
???? ? - 19
?'???? ??? ??????????? ????????
????? ?????????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??
???? ?????? ????
John Hughlings Jackson
13
???? ? - 19
????? ??????? ????? ???????
14
????? ???? ? - 20
??????? ?????
???? ?????? ??? ???????

• The Law of Equipotentiality
• The Law of Mass action

15
"?????????" ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?-20
16
????? ???? ????????????????

• ????? ??????????? ????????????? ???? ??? ??? ???
• ?????????? ??????? ????????

17
Characteristics of modules (Fodor, 1983)

• Modules are domain specific.
• Modules are innately specified.
• The operation of modules is mandatory.
• Modules are computationally autonomous
  (informational encapsulated).
• Modules have shallow outputs.
• Modules are hardwired

18
????? ???? ????????????????

• ????? ??????????? ????????????? ???? ??? ??? ???
• ?????????? ???????
• ?????????? ??????? (isomorphism)

19
Isomorphism

• Lashley (1941)
• The discovery that the various capacities which
  independently contribute to intellectual
  performance do correspond to the spatial
  distribution of cerebral mechanisms represent a
  step towards the recognition of similar
  organization in neurological and mental events.
• Brain (1964)
• The older neurologists, and even some today,
  thought that the different varieties of aphasia
  produced by lesions in different situations could
  be classified in psychological terms but this
  presupposes first that in the nervous system
  speech is organized in a way that anatomical
  centers correspond to psychological functions,
  and then that destruction of such a centre merely
  impairs a particular psychological element f
  speech, This view has largely been abandoned.

20
????? ???? ????????????????

• ????? ??????????? ????????????? ???? ??? ??? ???
• ?????????? ??????? ????????
• ???????? ????? (isomorphism)
• ????? (subtractivity)
• ?????? (transparency)

21
????? ?????? ????????????????
Caramazza ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??
????? ??????

• ????? ???? ????? ??????
• ????? ??????? ???? ???
• ????? ??????? ?????
• ????? ????? ??????/?????? ??? (diaschisis)

22
?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? Coltheart

• ???????????????? ????? ??? ?? ???????????
  ???????????.
• ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? "??????" (?????? ???
  ????) ?? "??????????" (??? ??? ???? ????? ???
  ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????).
• ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????????
  ?????? ??????????
• ?????????? ?????????? ??????????.
• ????? ???? ?? ????????????????.
• ??? ??????????, ??????????? ???????????? ???????
• ??????? (syndromes) ???????? (symptoms)
• ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??
  ???????.

23
(No Transcript)