The%20Age%20of%20Jackson

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The Age of Jackson

• John Quincy Adams

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Opponents in 1824
John Quincy AdamsMA (Monroes Secretary of
State)
Henry ClayKY
William H. Crawford
Andrew Jackson
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Jackson ran as the Common MansPresidential
Candidate

• Jackson was a popular war hero after the Battle
  of New Orleans, and he decides to run for
  President, presenting himself as a Common Man
  of the people

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Election of 1824

• Write popular vote winner beside the candidate
  who won the most popular vote.

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The Results
http//www.historycentral.com/elections/1824.html
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Election of 1824

• Write electoral vote winner beside the
  candidate who got the most electoral votes.

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The Results
http//www.historycentral.com/elections/1824.html
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Election of 1824

• 131 Electoral Votes were needed to win
• Jackson received a majority of the popular vote,
  but only 99 electoral votes
• he did not have enough electoral votes to win the
  election

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Election of 1824

• When no one wins whose job is it to decide the
  President and Vice-President?
• US House of Representatives

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Election of 1824

• Henry Clay is the Speaker of the House of
  Representatives it is his job to lead the
  election process
• John Quincy Adams is elected President
• Write President beside the person who became
  President

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• After Adams is elected Henry Clay is appointed
  Secretary of State

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Election of 1824 - Outcomes

• Many Jackson supporters called Adams election a
• CORRUPT BARGAIN!
• Why?

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• Jacksonians (supporters of Jackson) left the
  Democratic-Republican party to form the
  Democratic Party
• Jacksonians attempted to subvert Adams policies
  throughout his entire presidency

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• Beginning of the Democratic Party

• During Adams presidency, most States passed laws
  making it easier to vote.

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Massachusetts

• Constitution of 1780, Section III. House of
  Representatives
• IV. Every male person, being twenty-one years of
  age, and resident in any particular town in this
  Commonwealth for the space of one year having a
  freehold estate (that is, property owned
  outright) within the same town, of the annual
  income of three pounds, or any estate of the
  value of sixty pounds, shall have a right to
  vote....
• Amendment of 1821
• Article III. Every male citizen of twenty-one
  years of age and upwards who shall have resided
  within the commonwealth one year, and within the
  town or district in which he may claim a right to
  vote, six calendar months and who shall have
  paid, by himself or his parent, master or
  guardian, any state or county tax and also,
  every citizen who shall be, by law, exempted from
  taxation, and who shall be, in all other
  respects, qualified as above mentioned, shall
  have a right to vote and no other person shall
  be entitled to vote in such election.

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New Jersey

• Constitution of 1776
• All inhabitants of this colony of full age, who
  are worth fifty pounds (basic unit of currency in
  use at the time)and have resided within the
  county in which they claim to vote for twelve
  months immediately preceding the election, shall
  be entitled to vote.
• 1807 New Jersey Legislatures Act to regulate
  the election of members of the legislative
  council and general assembly, sheriffs and
  coroners in this state
• no person shall vote in any state or county
  election for officers in the government of the
  United States, or of this state, unless such
  person be a free, white male citizen of this
  state, of the age of twenty-one years, worth
  fifty pounds, and have resided in the county
  where he claims a vote, for at least twelve
  months immediately preceding the election.
• 1844 New Jersey Constitution
• Every white male citizen of the United States, of
  the age of twenty-one years, who shall have been
  a resident of this state one year, and of the
  county in which he claims to vote five
  monthsshall be entitled to vote.

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Where before, men had to own property to vote,
now most only needed to prove that they paid
taxes, and in some states there was universal
male suffrage. All of this increased
participation in elections.
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Voter Turnout 1820 - 1860
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Voting Requirements in the Early 19c
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Andrew Jackson

• 1828-1836

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The 1828 Election

• In 1828, Jackson ran against JQ Adams again.
• Jackson portrayed himself as a Common Man ,
  Old Hickory
• His supporters came from the
• South and the West
• Adams supporters came from
• the North

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1828 Election Results

• Jackson easily won the election
• The new Jackson Coalition was made up of
• Planter Elite from the South
• People on the Frontier in the West
• Artisans
• State Politicians
• Immigrants

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• What does the election map of 1828 show about
  America that is different from the Election of
  1824?

1824
1828
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Jacksons Inauguration
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To The Victor Belongs the Spoils

• After winning the election, Jackson implemented
  the Spoils System, where he rewarded those who
  had supported him by giving them government jobs.
  
• The Republicans accused Jackson of buying votes

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Jackson as Satan Dangles the Spoils of Victory
over his Supporters
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• What effect do you think appointing his friends
  and supporters to government jobs had on the
  government?

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Jackson's Native-American Policy
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Investigating the Cherokee

• True or False?
• Native Americans in the early 1800s lived in
  the same way as their white neighbors
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?v7LSkfmCj8Jg

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Indian Removal

• Since the War of 1812, many Native American
  tribes in the East had adopted the European
  culture of their neighbors.
• The Cherokee had created
• a formal government with a Constitution
• an alphabet created by a man named Sequoya
• These tribes The Cherokee, Choctaw, Seminole,
  Creek, and Chickasaw, came to be called the 5
  civilized Tribes.

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• After gold was found on Cherokee land, whites
  began demanding that the Native Americans be
  removed to settle in land further West
• Jackson had two choices
• 1. continue to assimilate the tribes
• 2. use federal troops to keep white people out of
  Native American land

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• Jackson decided 1 would not work and 2 would
  take too many people.
• To Jackson the only solution was to remove the
  Native Americans .
• In 1830 Congress passes the Indian Removal Act.

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Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

• The Cherokee sued the State of Georgia.
• John Marshall threw out the case, stating that
  the Cherokee were not a foreign nation but rather
  a Domestic Dependent Nation
• He told the Cherokee that they needed an American
  citizen to sue on their behalf
• The Cherokee found Samuel Worcester.

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Worcester v. Georgia

• Worcester was an American Missionary who lived
  and worked among the Cherokee.
• He sued the State of Georgia on behalf of the
  Cherokee.

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• In Worcester v Georgia, John Marshall ruled that
  because the Cherokee were their own nation that
  the state of Georgia could not force the Cherokee
  to leave.
• However, Jackson ignored the Courts ruling
• In 1835, the government pressured a small group
  of Cherokee to sign the Treaty of New Echota,
  which gave 8 million acres of Cherokee land to
  the Federal government in exchange for land out
  in Oklahoma.

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• In 1838, Jacksons successor, Martin Van Buren,
  would force the Cherokee and other tribes off
  their land. 4,000 Cherokee died on the 800-mile
  journey out West, which came to be known as the
  Trail of Tears.
• The Supreme Courts Role in Indian Removal
• http//www.annenbergclassroom.org/pages.aspx?name
  an-independent-judiciaryAspxAutoDetectCookieSuppo
  rt1

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The Cherokee Nation After 1820
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Indian Removal
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(No Transcript)
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The Nullification Issue
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• After the war of 1812 British manufacturers sold
  goods to Americans more cheaply than American
  manufacturers could.
• To protect American businesses Congress passed
  PROTECTIVE TARIFFs in 1816, 1824 and 1828.
• Protective Tariffs taxed foreign imports to
  protect Domestic (American) Industry

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(No Transcript)
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What observation can you make about the vote for
the Tariff of 1828?
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The Tariff Problem

• Southerners (like John C. Calhoun) were upset
  about the tariff because
• It caused Britain to buy less cotton from the
  South
• It forced Southerners to buy expensive
  Northern-made good

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• Southerners called the 1828 Tariff the
• Tariff of Abominations

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• Sovereign
• having independent authority and the right to
  govern themselves

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Calhoun and His Theory

• The Union is made up of Sovereign States
• These States have the right to nullify any
  federal law they believe to be unconstitutional

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The Webster-Hayne Debate
Sen. Robert HayneSC Supported Nullification
Sen. Daniel WebsterMA Opposed Nullification
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1830

• Webster Liberty and Union, now and
  forever, one and inseparable.
• Union Liberty

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• Jackson Our Federal Unionit must be
  preserved.
• Union gt Liberty

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• Calhoun The Union, next to our liberty,
  most dear
• Union lt Liberty

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1832

• Congress passes another tariff.

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What will JC DO NOW??

• South Carolina declared that the tariffs of 1828
  and 1832 were unconstitutional and nullified them
  all and threatened to secede from the Union

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• Jackson was furious and
• declared South Carolina
• treasonous, threatening
• to hang Calhoun

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The Force Bill

• Jackson passed the Force bill, which allowed the
  federal government to use the army and navy
  against South Carolina if the state refused to
  pay the tax
• Civil War seemed imminent

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Who do we call when we are about to have a Civil
War?

• Henry Clay proposed a tariff Bill that would
  gradually lower the tax over a 10-year period.
• SC relented, and federal troops did not actually
  invade SC.

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Jacksons War on The National Bank
http//www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/andrew
-jackson/videos/jackson-censured-in-bank-warjacks
on-censured-in-bank-war
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Key Players
NicholasBiddlean arrogant aristocrat from
Philadelphia
PresidentJackson
Henry Clay and Daniel Webster
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• GOAL
• Jackson tries to destroy the Second Bank of the
  US (_BUS__).

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• WHEN
• 1832 to 1841 (the bank finally closes)

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• KEY EPISODES OR EVENTS
• 1832 Jackson veto a bill to re-charter the BUS
  because he believes the bank symbolized eastern
  wealth and power.
• Jackson believed the bank cared nothing about
  common people and saw it as a threat to American
  democracy
• Jackson made the public think that the BUS was
  intended to serve the rich and powerful.

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• 1832 Jackson tells Van Buren that The bank is
  trying to kill me, but I will kill it.
• Jackson fires his Secretary of the Treasury
  because the man will not transfer government
  deposits from the BUS and put them in pet
  state banks (banks loyal to Jackson) .
• Biddle has the bank call in (demand payment) of
  loans in order to cause the public to demand
  passage of a new bank charter.

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• RESOLUTION OR OUTCOME
• The BUS goes out of business
• New York becomes the financial capital of the US
• Henry Clay and Daniel Webster form a new
  political party, the Whig Party.

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• THEME LESSON/SO WHAT?
• Wildcat banks issue worthless money which causes
  many of them to fail.
• Jackson issues the SPECIE CIRCULAR which causes
  people to trade their money for gold and silver.

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• By May 1837 NY banks had stopped accepting paper
  currency.
• The Panic of 1837 caused banks to close, credit
  to collapse and people to lose jobs.
• The US was experiencing major problems with the
  economy.

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• 1836 Martin VanBuren, Jacksons Vice-President,
  is elected.
• He inherits Jacksons bank problems
• and
• Is blamed for the panic of 1837
• He continued the policy of Indian Removal

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1836 Election Results
Martin Van Buren Old KinderhookO. K.
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Harrison and Tyler

• Election of 1840
• Martin Van Buren (Democrat) William Henry
  Harrison (Whig)
• (Jacksons Vice-President)

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Harrison portrays himself as

• and a war hero

• A man of the people (Log Cabin and Hard Cider)
  and Van Buren as a person of wealth

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http//bigstory.ap.org/article/50c6aedcef654886a7a
2241087276843/election-year-fatigue-blame-it-part-
race-1840
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• Harrison Wins and begins to enact Whig policies
  to help the economy
• One month later he dies of pneumonia (contracted
  while giving a 2 hour long inaugural speech)

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• He took the oath of office on March 4, 1841, a
  cold and wet day.65 He wore neither an overcoat
  nor hat, rode on horseback to the ceremony rather
  than in the closed carriage that had been offered
  him, and delivered the longest inaugural
  address in American history.

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• John Tyler becomes the president
• He does NOT agree with Whig policies and was only
  chosen as VP to get Southern Votes

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• During the 1830s People Divided very clearly
  into party alliances
• Jacksonian Democrats or Whigs

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• Politics changed as well
• Candidates appealed to
• peoples emotions
• people became more politically active