?????? 4: ??????? ???? IP ??????????

1
?????? 4??????? ????IP ??????????

• (Network Layer,
• IP addressing)

2
IP ?????
3
??????? ??????
???? ???-???? ?????? ???-???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????
? 0 0-127 128 16 777 216
? 10 128-191 16 384 65 536
? 110 192-223 2 097 152 256
4
?????????? ?? ??????

• IANA www.iana.org
• ARIN www.arin.net ???????
• RIPE www.ripe.net ??????
• APNIC www.apnic.net ????
• AfriNIC www.afrinic.net ??????
• LACNIC lacnic.net ???????? ???????
• ICANN -  Internet Corporation for Assigned Names
  and Numbers

5
???????? ??????

• ????? ?? ????? (network address)
• ?????? ???????? ? ??????? (broadcast address)

6
????? ?? ?????
7
Broadcast ?????
8
??????? ?????
9
??????? ?????????? ?? ?????

• 11111000 248
• 11111100 252
• 11111110 254
• 11111111 255

• 00000000 0
• 10000000 128
• 11000000 192
• 11100000 224
• 11110000 240

192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.0/24
10
????? ?? ????????????

• ???? ? 255.0.0.0 (/8)
• ???? B 255.255.0.0 (/16)
• ???? C 255.255.255.0 (/24)

11
????????????? (Router)
12
Default Gateway (???? ?? ????????????)
13
?????????? ?? ??????? ?????
14
????????? ?? ????????
15
????? ???????????
16
??????
Network host
192.168.1.0
sshhhhhh
????? Broadcast IP ?????? ??????
0 63 1 - 62 00
64 127 65 - 126 01
128 191 129 - 190 10
192 255 193 - 254 11
??????? ????? ????? 255.255.255.0 ????
255.255.255.192
17
????????? ?? ??????????
IP 192.168.1.2 62 SM 255.255.255.192 DG
192.168.1.1
????? 0
IP 192.168.1.66 126 SM 255.255.255.192 DG
192.168.1.65
192.168.1.1
????? 64
.65
.129
IP 192.168.1.130 190 SM 255.255.255.192 DG
192.168.1.129
????? 128
192.168.1.193
IP 192.168.1.194 254 SM 255.255.255.192 DG
192.168.1.193
????? 192
18
????????? ????????? ??? ?????????
IP 192.168.1.2 62 SM 255.255.255.192 DG
192.168.1.1
????? 0
IP 192.168.1.66 126 SM 255.255.255.192 DG
192.168.1.65
????? 64
IP 192.168.1.130 190 SM 255.255.255.192 DG
192.168.1.129
192.168.1.1 192.168.1.65 192.168.1.129 192.168.1.1
93
????? 128
IP 192.168.1.194 254 SM 255.255.255.192 DG
192.168.1.193
????? 192
19
????????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? (VLSM)
20
????????? ??????

• 255.255.255.255 Local Broadcast
• 0.0.0.0 Default Route
• 127.0.0.0 Local Host (Loopback)
• 169.254.0.0 APIPA

21
?????? IP ??????
22
Network Address Translation
23
IPv.6
24
?????????? ??????????
IP address 82.38.45.1 Subnet mask 255.255.255.0
25
???????? ???? ?? IP ????????
26
Type of Service

• Precedence
• 000 (0) - Routine
• 001 (1) - Priority
• 010 (2) - Immediate
• 011 (3) - Flash
• 100 (4) - Flash Override
• 101 (5) - Critical
• 110 (6) - Internetwork Control
• 111 (7) - Network Control

27
???????

• Reserved
• Dont Fragment
• More Fragments

28
???????? ?????????? ?? ????????????
29
????????????
30
Time-to-Live
31
IP Options

• 0 - the end of the option list
• 1 - No Operation
• 2 - Security the various security codes can be
  found in RFC 791.
• 3 - Loose Source Routing
• 4 - Internet Timestamp
• 7 - Record Route
• 8 - Stream ID
• 9 - Strict Source Routing