The English Speaking World

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The Early Stuarts

• Elizabeth I dies after a 45 year reign without an
  heir in 1603.
• James I, son of Mary Stuart, the first Stuart
  king clashes with Parliament over money and
  foreign policy.
• James wanted to rule like an absolute monarch.
• He created new sources of revenue, poundage and
  tonnage.
• James I also has problems with Catholics and
  Puritans.

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James I and the Puritans

• James I refused to change the Anglican church to
  please the Calvinist Puritans.
• James did appoint a commission to create a new
  translation of the bible. The King James bible
  was completed in 1611.
• James thought that people should be able to play
  sports on Sunday which made the Puritans angry.
• During James reign the Pilgrims or Separatists
  left for New England and founded Plymouth in
  1620.
• James also had a favorite, the Duke of
  Buckingham, who may have been James lover.

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Charles I becomes King

• At the end of James Is reign England was at war
  with Spain.
• Charles I resorted to extreme measures to raise
  funds. A forced loan , and quartering troops in
  houses. Parliament forced Charles I to sign the
  Petition of Right and limited his power.
• Buckingham still holding power is assassinated.
• Charles I dissolves Parliament in 1629 until
  1640.
• Charles I angered the Puritans with Anglican
  services, and peace with Spain and France.
• The Star Chamber and Ship money, raise funds.
• The Scots rebel after the new Anglican prayer
  book is forced on them. Charles I summons
  Parliament in 1640, it will be called the Long
  Parliament.

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The English Civil War

• The Puritans controlled the House of Commons.
  They didnt like Charles I.
• The Puritans revoked the kings power to dissolve
  Parliament and executed his ministers.
• The Irish rebel in 1641.
• Charles attempts to arrest Parliament, but they
  escape.
• The Civil War begins in 1642.

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The English Civil War 1642-1649

• The kings supporters were called Cavaliers or
  royalists
• Puritans were called roundheads or those that
  supported Parliament.
• The leader of the Puritan army was Oliver
  Cromwell. He created the New Model Army.
• The king fled to Scotland and was handed over to
  the roundheads in 1647. He was executed in 1649.
• The power of the king was limited in England, by
  Parliament.

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The Kingless Decade ( The Protectorate)

• Parliament abolishes the monarchy and establishes
  a Commonwealth.
• Cromwell and his army lead the new republic
  against numerous enemies.
• The Irish Catholics were defeated, the Scots were
  defeated. Charles II was forced to hide in a tree
  for a night.
• The Levellers wanted the poor to have a say in
  government. They were defeated.
• Cromwell becomes Lord Protector in 1653.

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The Commonwealth and Puritanism

• During the period of the Commonwealth theatre and
  drama were banned, taverns were closed, bear
  baiting and gambling was stopped.
• On Sundays everything was closed, but church.
• Puritans considered schools important because
  everyone should read the bible.
• Women were important as wives and mothers. Women
  must look plain and dress plainly.
• Puritan thinking the basis of U.S. culture.

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The Stuart Restoration 1660-1688

• Charles II was invited back to England to rule in
  1660 and signed the Petition of Right.
• Charles II practiced religious toleration.
• Charles II believed in absolute rule and became a
  Catholic on his death bed.
• Charles II brother, James II becomes king in
  1685. He was openly Catholic and an absolute
  ruler.
• William and Mary become rulers in 1688.

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The Glorious Revolution

• William III and Mary II landed in 1668, James II
  fled to France.
• William and Mary had to sign the Bill of Rights
  before becoming king and queen.
• The Bill of Rights said Parliament had power over
  the king. The House of Commons had the power of
  the purse.
• England became a limited monarchy.
• The Bill of Rights also sated that no person
  could be held in jail unless charged.
• (habeas corpus)

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