British North America (1700-1763)

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British North America(1700-1763)
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Just a bit of catchup and backdrop
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• A Diverse Set of Colonies
• The Northern Colonies
• Economy based on trade and shipping
• Booming Businesses drew immigrant indentured
  servants to the
• The Southern Colonies
• Economy based on plantation farming
• Gentry class established which differed from poor
  back country

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• Pennsylvania
• New Jersey
• Massachusetts
• Georgia
• South Carolina
• North Carolina
• Connecticut
• Delaware
• Maryland
• Rhode Island
• New York
• New Jersey
• New Hampshire

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• II. Black Culture and the Slave South
• African culture mixed with British culture in the
  southern colonies
• Animist beliefs replaced by Christianity became
  slave spirituality
• Unique Black American culture emerged inside of
  slavery
• Rebellion
• Less rebellion in North America that the
  Caribbean and Brazil
• Slaves in North America had some agency

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• III. A Successful Empire
• Britains empire was large and growing.
• Union of Scotland and subjugation of the Irish
• Colonies stretching from Canada to the Caribbean
• To gain and protect colonies- constant war with
  Catholics (Spain and France)
• Achieving goals of mercantilism
• Raw materials (lumber, furs, fish, tobacco, and
  sugar) shipped to Britain
• Manufactured goods shipped from Britain to the
  colonies
• Taxes and fees were used to finance the strong
  British Navy and to make members of parliament
  rich men.

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• When Britain first, at heaven's command,
• Aro-o-o-ose from out the a-a-a-zure main,
• Arose, arose, arose from out the a-azure main,
• This was the charter, the charter of the land,
• And guardian A-a-angels sang this strain
• Rule Britannia!
• Britannia rule the waves
• Britons never, never, never shall be slaves.
• Rule Britannia!
• Britannia rule the waves.
• Britons never, never, never shall be slaves.
• The nations, no-o-o-o-ot so blest as thee,
• Must i-i-i-i-in their turn, to ty-y--yrants fall,
• Must in, must in, must in their turn, to
  ty-y-rants fall,
• While thou shalt flourish, shalt flourish great
  and free,
• The dread and e-e-e-e-nvy of them all.
• Rule Britannia!

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• IV. A Proud and Commercial People
• The vast majority of colonists in North America
  felt proud of their identity as members of the
  British Empire.
• pride in their Protestantism
• belief in representative government
• fear and hatred of the Catholic threat
• satisfaction with the protection that the British
  Empire gave to their property
• ability to make money in the maritime commercial
  system.

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• Whats so great about being British?
• Why would an old-school New England Puritan be a
  bit peeved by 1760?

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• V. A Hierarchy of Opportunity
• Poor and rich separated by customs and culture
  but not by wealth
• Opportunity to own land
• Among the least taxed people in the western world
  in the 1700s
• Gap between rich and poor growing each year

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• VII. Awakening and Enlightenment
• The Great Awakening
• More religious diversity
• Separation of church and state
• The Enlightenment
• Non-religious movement that questioned authority
  and established institutions (politics, slavery,
  the church)
• Started in Europe and moved to colonies where
  ideas debated in salons and coffee houses- mostly
  among the

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• Why are books and libraries such a big deal?

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Explain in your own words what the
Enlightenment was according to this description.

• The Enlightenment was a desire for human
  affairs to be guided by rationality rather than
  by faith, superstition, or revelation a belief
  in the power of human reason to change society
  and liberate the individual from the restraints
  of custom or arbitrary authority all backed up
  by a world view increasingly validated by science
  rather than by religion or tradition.
• -- from The Enlightenment by Dorinda Outram, pg. 3

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Coffee, the social lubricant.
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Reading and Socializing in a London Coffee House
(early eighteenth century)
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William Hogarths Satirical View of Coffeehouse
Sociability (mid-eighteenth c .)
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Salon de Madame Geoffrin, Paris, 1755
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Young Mozart Entertaining at a Salon (1766)
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• VII. A Habit of Representation
• Colonial government
• Governor and high courts in each colony
  controlled and appointed by the king
• Land owning white men had representatives in
  colonial assemblies
• Assemblies taxed and made laws
• Women, servants, slaves unrepresented
• Whig or Commonwealth thought
• Distrust of certain government actions that they
  saw as tyrannical
• Constant fear of public protest and crowd action

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• VIII. A War for Empire
• Epic struggle between two old enemies (France and
  England)
• Called 7 Years War in Europe
• Fought over control of North American colonies
• British struggle badly at first
• William Pitt
• Kings minister who convinces colonial assemblies
  to tax to pay for the war
• Borrows money
• Rallies colonists to fight and die for the cause
• After the war
• Colonists proud of their contribution
• Indians left to fend for themselves- conflicts
  with land obsessed colonists
• Ministers in London discuss how to pay for the
  war and the bigger empire
• A new crisis begins.

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Seven Years War 1754-1763

• Britain, Prussia, Portugal
• VERSUS
• France, Russia, Austria

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Homework for tomorrow

• Read pages 118-122
• Answer the following questions
• What benefits and accompanied the British victory
  that ended the Seven Years War?
• What problems were contained in the victory?
• Who were the new political leaders who emerged in
  the colonies after the Seven Years War?
• What was the military situation in the colonies
  after the Seven Years War?
• Who was George Grenville? What were his major
  concerns?
• What was the Sugar Act? What was its purpose?
  What was the colonists reaction?
• What was the Stamp Act? What was its purpose?
  What was the colonists reaction?
• Describe the course of the colonists resistance
  to the Stamp Act. How does Parliament react to
  their resistance?

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