Water On Earth

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Water On Earth

• Chapter 10, Section 1

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There are two types of water. Can you name them?

1. Fresh Water
2. Salt Water

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On a sheet of paper

• Write your name
• Title your paper Water Smart Quiz
• Write todays date
• Number 1-10

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Essential Questions Ch 10 Sec 1

1. How does Earths water move through the water
   cycle?
2. Where are fresh water and salt water found on
   Earth?

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What makes Earth so unique?

• It is the only planet covered mainly by water
• It is the only place where all the things we know
  about can survive.
• Life on Earth could not exist without water.

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The Water Cycle

• Has no beginning or end
• Is powered by the Sun
• Naturally recycles our water
• Water moves from bodies of water, land, and
  living things on Earths surface to the
  atmosphere and back to Earths surface

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Steps of the Water Cycle

• Evaporation liquid water changes to gas (water
  vapor). Water evaporates from lakes and oceans,
  and from soil and plants
• Condensation water vapor cools and changes back
  to liquid water. There must be something (like
  dust particles) for water vapor to condense on.
• Precipitation rain, snow, sleet, or hail
  falling to Earth from clouds. Happens when water
  droplets grow large enough and heavy enough to
  fall to Earth.

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The Water Cycle
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Where is all the Water?

• Most of Earths water 97 - is salt water found
  in oceans
• 3 of Earths water is fresh water.
• ¾ of the 3 fresh water is frozen in ice caps and
  glaciers
• ¼ of the 3 fresh water is underground
• A tiny bit of the fresh water is in lakes and
  rivers
• The Great Lakes contain nearly 20 of all lake
  water
• An even smaller amount is in the atmosphere

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Distribution of Earths Water
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Oceans

• There are four
• Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic
• There is actually a 5th ocean now, called the
  Southern Ocean, which is the waters above
  Antarctica
• All the waters are connected so there is one
  gigantic ocean

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Surface Water

• Chapter 10, Section 2

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Essential Questions Ch 10 Sec 2

1. What is a river system?
2. What are the characteristics of ponds and lakes?
3. What are three types of wetlands and why are they
   important?

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Surface Water includes

• Rivers
• Ponds
• Lakes
• Wetlands

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Rivers

• Begin as small streams (often in mountains where
  snow melts and runs downhill)
• Terms
• Tributaries streams and small rivers that feed
  into a main river
• Watersheds the land surrounding a main river
  that feeds water to that river. AKA drainage
  basins
• Divides a ridge of land that separates
  watersheds. The Continental Divide follows the
  line of the Rocky Mountains.

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What is the largest watershed in the US?
- Surface Water
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- Surface Water
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Sea Level and Streams
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Rivers with Many Meanders
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Ponds

• Bodies of fresh, still water
• Ponds are smaller and shallower than lakes.
  Sunlight usually reaches to the bottom of all
  parts of a pond. Plants usually grow on the
  bottom.
• Ponds form when water collects in low-lying areas
  of land.

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Life in a Pond
- Surface Water
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Lakes

• Generally lakes are much deeper and bigger than
  ponds. Sunlight does not reach the bottom in a
  deep lake. Plants dont grow on the bottom.
• Lakes can form naturally or can be man-made.
• Glaciers can cut through the Earth then melt (the
  Great Lakes)
• Crustal movements can cause deep valleys that
  fill with water (Lake Victoria in Africa)
• Volcanoes can erupt and block a river and form a
  lake
• Empty volcano craters can fill with water to
  become lakes
• People build dams across rivers to make lakes
  (for drinking water, irrigating fields,
  recreation).
• Lakes that store water for human use are called
  reservoirs

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Wetlands

• A land area that is covered with water during
  part or all of the year
• Helps control floods and provides habitats for
  many species
• Three types of freshwater wetlands
• Marshes grassy areas covered by shallow water
• Swamps look like flooded forests with trees and
  shrubs sprouting from the water usually in warm,
  humid climates
• Bogs contains mostly mosses because water is
  usually acidic found in cooler northern areas
  often formed in depressions left by melting ice
  sheets thousands of years ago
• Coastal wetlands contain both fresh and salt
  water
• Salt marshes found along both coasts of the US
  have tall, strong grasses
• Mangrove forests found along the southeastern
  coast of the US mangrove trees are short and
  have thick, tangled roots

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Wetlands (continued)

• Name a famous swamp near us.
• The Okefenokee Swamp in south Georgia
  translation from Indian Land of the Trembling
  Earth
• Name a famous large wetland area south of us.
• The Everglades in south Florida.
• Wetlands naturally filter water and help control
  floods by absorbing extra runoff from heavy
  rains.
• Governments have passed laws to protect wetlands
  because of their value to Earth

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Wetlands of Florida
- Wetland Environmentss
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Using Freshwater Resources

• Chapter 10 Section 4

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Essential Questions Ch 10 Sec 4

1. How do people use water?
2. What are some ways to conserve available fresh
   water?
3. How do scientists classify sources of water
   pollution?

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- Water Supply and Demand
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How do people use water?

• Household purposes
• Toilets, laundry, cooking, showers, washing cars,
  watering the lawn, washing dishes
• Industry
• To cool machinery, produce materials such as
  paper, toilets sinks
• Transportation
• Ship items and people
• Agriculture
• Plants, more water is used for irrigation in the
  US than any other single purpose
• Recreation
• Fishing, boating, skiing, swimming, snow skiing,
  ice skating

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Water Issues

• No one owns the water. We all have to share it
  while we are here and remember to leave it usable
  for the future
• Water shortages happen when there is too little
  precipitation or people use it up too fast, or a
  combination of both.

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Conservation of water

• Reduce water use
• Recycle water
• Reuse water
• Look at page 338 for ways to conserve water at
  home and school.
• Industries and agriculture have worked and
  continue to work to reduce their water usage.

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- Water Supply and Demand
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Pollution

• The addition of any substance that has a negative
  effect on water or the living things that depend
  on the water
• Substances that cause water pollution are called
  pollutants
• Sources of pollution are classified by how they
  enter the water
• Point source a specific source of pollution
• Nonpoint source a widespread source that cant
  be tied to a specific point of origin (runoff
  from fields, streets, or construction sites)
• Look at page 340 and identify ways to reduce
  pollution

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- Freshwater Pollution
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- Freshwater Pollution
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- Freshwater Pollution
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Review

• Where is most of Earths water located?
• In the oceans
• What percentage of Earth is covered in water?
• Approximately 75
• Where is most fresh water located?
• In ice caps and glaciers
• Huge areas that drain water into a main river are
  called ____________.
• Watersheds or drainage basins
• What is water conservation?
• Reducing, reusing, and recycling water
• What is water pollution? Why do we care?
• Chemicals that change our water negatively. We
  care because we only have a very small amount
  available for drinking and if it is polluted, we
  have less to use.

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Answers to Section 1 Essential Questions

• How does Earths water move through the water
  cycle?
• The Sun powers the water cycle and causes
  evaporation, condensation, transpiration, and
  precipitation.
• Where are fresh water and salt water found on
  Earth?
• Salt water is found in oceans and some lakes.
  Fresh water is found in the ground, in rivers,
  lakes, ponds, ice, and the atmosphere.

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Answers to Section 2 Essential Questions

• What is a river system?
• All of the streams and small rivers that drain a
  watershed and flow into one main river make up a
  river system.
• What are the characteristics of ponds and lakes?
• Ponds are small and shallow with habitats from
  surface to bottom. Lakes are much larger and
  dont usually have habitats at the bottom due to
  lack of sunlight.
• What are three types of wetlands and why are they
  important?
• Marshes, swamps, and bogs are important because
  they help control floods by absorbing flood
  waters, they filter water to clean it, and offer
  habitats to many living things.

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Answers to Section 4 Essential Questions

• How do people use water?
• Water is used for cooking, cleaning, personal
  hygiene, farming, factories, recreation.
• What are some ways to conserve available fresh
  water?
• Turn off water when brushing teeth, take shorter
  showers, flush only when needed, factories reuse
  water when possible, farmers irrigate
  responsibly.
• How do scientists classify sources of water
  pollution?
• As point or nonpoint source, based upon the
  location of entrance of the pollutant.