THE NATURE OF MATTER

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THE NATURE OF MATTER _____________________________
____________________________ All matter consists
of little bits of positive and negative
electricity in perpetual motion attract each
other at short distances repel each other when
pressed too close together. ______________________
__________________________________ The most
important discovery ever made. If all other
scientific information we know were lost in some
cataclysmic event, and only this information
survived, all could be rediscovered in a very
short time.  
- Richard P. Feynman
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Iron atoms positioned on a carbon surface
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Second Quantization - The Discrete Photon
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700 keV Li beam (v4.4 mm/ns) incident on a thin
(3 ?g/cm2) carbon foil. The blue light is
H-like 4f-5g in Li2 (?4500Å, ?3 ns, ?x1.3
cm). The green light is He-like 2s 3S-2p 3P in
Li (?5485Å, ?44 ns, ?x19 cm).
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Can we pictureattractive and repulsive
interactions without the force concept?
Quantum Field Theory is conceptually easy!
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ACTION-AT-A-DISTANCE Exchange of a gauge boson
Particle exchange can produce both attraction and
repulsion. It is intermittent, like rain on the
roof. The Force concept requires an average
over a time interval.
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Interactions between any two particles involves
all the particles in the universe.
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Position Probability Density Dwell Time
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Why didnt Isaac Newton think about the
possibility of getting hit on the head when he
sat under the apple tree?
? ?x ?
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Where does the pendulum spend the most time? The
least time?
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Dwell time
Time exposure
High many / slow
Low Few / fast
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Equal time inside No time outside
Most time at end points Least time at center
Most time at aphelion and perihelion
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Average Values of Powers of the Coordinate
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The secret of life, computers, transitors
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Laplacian Determinacy A Costly Mistake
Pierre Simon Laplace - 1776 An intelligence
that knows all of the relations of the entities
of the universe at one instant could state
their positions, motions, and general effects any
instant in the past of future.
Henri Poincare 1903 Small differences in the
initial conditions can produce very great ones
in the final phenomena prediction Then becomes
impossible (1st recognition of chaos).
Werner Heisenberg 1924 There is a fundamental
limit on the accuracy to which position and
velocity can be co-determined.
Stephen Hawking 1988 In the cosmology of the
Big Bang and Black Holes, space and time
themselves break down.