The Ottoman Empire From Osman to the Young Turks

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The Ottoman EmpireFrom Osman to the Young Turks

• Spath 351 CPME

http//euroheritage.net/serbscroatsbosnians.shtml
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Readings M.E. Islamic World Reader Origins
of Islam, excerpts from Quran, the Caliphate,
schism, various early dynasties, The Ottoman,
Safavid, and Mughal Empires,   In Cleveland
Tanzimat period of the Ottoman Empire
(1839-1876).
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Today Ottoman Empire (end of 13th c.
1922) We will cover up to the turn of the 20th
century Big Questions - What happened? How did
the empire change? - Why was the Ottoman Empire
so dominant? - Why did it decline? - Why is
this important to contemporary ME
politics? Where are We Going? - Thursday
Colonialism - Monday (9/21) WWI, Inter-War
Years, Ideological Trends
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• But first
• Rise and Decline of Muslim Caliphate (and
  associated dynasties)
• Feudalism among Muslim societies
• Two sets of elites (military and religious)

• Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals became dominant after
  Mongol Empire. Why?
• Legacy of Mongols
• Feudalism around agrarianism
• Increased revenue from trade
• Gunpowder
• Strategies of Governance

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The Gunpowder Empires
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• Why were they dominant?
• Mongol Legacy
• Agrarianism
• Trade Revenue
• Gunpowder
• Governing Strategies

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• The Ottomans
• Started with Osman and his son Orhan
• Gazi Tradition
• Pragmatic Considerations

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• Ottoman Rule
• Gaza
• Centralization of different kinds
• Toleration of local customs
• Dynastic Succession
• Devshirme Levy
• Three-level ruling elite

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The Ottoman Empire
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• 18th Century
• Decline
• Decentralization
• External Forces

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• 19th Century Towards Consolidation and
  Re-centralization
• Selim III
• Muhammad
• Ali
• Mahmud II

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• Discussion Tanzimat and Its Effects
• Reorganization continuation of reforms
• Focus on more than military and bureaucracy,
  also on society
• Rate of Change was faster
• Comprehensive Education Reforms
• Huge land reform changes increased private
  ownership
• Legal reforms why? Attempted to make ottoman
  law appropriate for Europeans to lift
  Capitulations secular courts civil code
  developed nationality law gave more control to
  millets

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