Planned

1
Planned Unplanned Discourse

• Spontaneous talk and polished writing differ
  syntactically

2
Discourse Mode

• The language of oral and written modes differ.
• In school, students and teachers must use the L
  of academic life.
• What is the language of academic life?
• Reading, writing and oral.
• The term planned and unplanned dichotomy came
  about.
• Spoken or written could possibly be planned or
  unplanned.
• Life requires expertise with highly planned (eg.
  writing, refined speech) or unplanned (eg. oral
  or written) discourse modes.
• Prepared lectures share many features with
  written L some written L (eg. Notes) share
  features with spoken L

3
Six Features

• Clausal or phrasal versus sentential organization
• Left dislocation topic-comment structures
• Nextness
• Parallelism
• Repair
• Conjoined versus embedded clauses

4
Clausal or phrasal versus sentential organization

• Interactive talk is clausal or phrasal in
  structure
• Example T Could youall get in your
• groupform a circleface
• each otherdiscuss the
  
• questiongroup leader
  take charge please.
• A written version of the oral message should
  read. (Sentential)

5
Left dislocation and Topic-comment structures

• In spontaneous talk, we introduce a new topic,
  shift the focus, or shade into a new topic by
  using topic-comment structure
• Example
• 2118 S24gt Well muslims (T) , we must be true
  muslims
• 2121 S24 gt got to read the books yknow about
  the prophets(T)
• 2121 S24 gt But, mmmm the muslim ummah (T) dont
  do that
• 2122 S24 gt they watch tv and listen to music
• 2122 S37 gt yeah, we must follow the Quran and
  hadith
• 2122 S24 gt Muslims(T)..they know favorite
  actress favorite singer.star
• 2123 S24 gt i am sure ,many muslims(T) know
  britney spears
• 2123 S24 gt but not rasul saw
• 2124 S24 gt sometimes i cry alone.........
• 2124 S24 gt not many wants to be real muslim
• Convert these utterances to the written version.

6
Qs for discussion

• Based on your observation, do native speakers use
  topic-comment structures?
• Do you as adult non-native speaker adopt
  topic-comment structures?
• Should learners be discouraged to use such forms?
• Why or why not?

7
Nextness

• In unplanned talk, phrases are often produced one
  after another, this nextness shows that they
  are related .
• Example The weekend yknow I was so very
  tired
• went to Melaka visit my son
• In written discourse, syntactic structures and
  explicit cohesive ties can mark these
  relationships.

8
Parallelism

• In spontaneous talk, words and phrases are
  repeated and words seem to touch off the use of
  words having similar sound sequences.
• Example page. 241 (Hatch2001)
• Repetition of sounds and words, and lexical
  collocations across turns, give the extra
  cohesion.
• In written text, we use parallelism while
  avoiding too much repetition. Poetry is the
  ultimate example of effective parallelism
  (rhythm, rhyme, alliteration, and lexical,
  phrasal and syntactic parallelism.)
• Poetry is the ultimate example of planning
  (Hatch, 2001)

9
Assignment

• Review one of your favorite poems. List types of
  parallelism-phonological, lexical or syntactic.
• How do these parallelisms work with the rhythm of
  the poem?

10
Repair

• Unplanned discourse is marked by repair
• Example All right - I will - I sure will -
  give you a call tonight later
• tonight yeah.
• In written discourse, such repairs are removed
• Question In which context would repair be
• more appropriately used?

11
Conjoined vs Embedded Clauses

• Unplanned talk is often delivered clause by
  clause or phrase by phrase.
• Example When I was in the States and I was
  just 18 you know
• I went in the 80s I was
  already very independent and
• thank God, I decided to
  wear the hijab there and no it
• was not fashion then but commitment.
• What does the ands suggest?
• How would this excerpt be written?
• Unplanned talk seldom uses subordinating clause
  markers such as if, that, because, etc.