4.1.2 ????(Production function):

1
?4? ??????
2
4.1 ????4.1.1 ????????
1????????????????????????????
2????????????????????????? 3??????????????????
??????? 4?????????????????????????
3
4.1.2 ????(Production function)
???????????????,???????????????????????????????
????Qf(x1,x2,,xn) ????Q(y1,y2,,yn)
f(x1,x2,,xn) ??Q ?? xi
????????? yi ????? ?????????????????,
????????????????,?????????
4
4.1.2 ????(Production function)(?1)
????????????????,??????????,??? ??????
Qf(l,k0)? Qf(l) ??????,??K??????(???????),???L
?????,???????????????? ?????? Qf(l,k)
??????,??K???????L???????(????????),??????????????
??
5
4.2 ?????????????4.2.1 ???,??????????????
1.?????(TPTotal product) TP Q
f(L,K0)f(L) ??????K??????????????????????????
????????????? TP????????????,???????,??????????
??????,?????
6
4.2.1 ???,??????????????(?1)
????? OA?( OL1) TP??????? AC?(L1L3 )
TP??????? C???(L38) TP??????
???????????????????????????????
7
4.2.1 ???,??????????????(?2)
2.?????????(MPmarginal product)
MP?????????1????,???????,?
????????????,??????
8
4.2.1 ???,??????????????(?3)
3.?????????(APAverage product)
AP??????????????,?
9
4.2.1 ???,??????????????(?4)
AP???MP?????
AP????????
?MPAP
10
4.2.1 ???,??????????????(?5)
??
1?MP?TP?????????? 2?AP?TP????????????? 3??MPgtAP?
,AP????( ) ?MPAP?,AP?????,?MP?
? ?MPltAP?,AP?????( )
11
4.2.2 ????????
??????,???????????????,???????????,?????????????
???????,????????,??????????????
????????,???????????? 1????????????
2????????
12
4.2.3 ???????
????(0L2)TP?,AP?,MP????? AFC?,AVC?,AC?? ????(L
2L3)TP?, AP??0ltMPltAP? AFC?,AVC?,AC????? ????(L
38) MPlt0,AP?TP??? AFC?,AVC?,AC??
13
4.2.3 ??????? (?1)
14
4.2.4 ????????????????
MRPLMCL MRPL???????????????L?????????
,???????????????????????? MCL?????????????L???
??????,????????????????????????
MRPLMPLPQ, MCLPL ?MPLPQPL
15
4.3 ???????????4.3.1 ?????(Isoquant curve)
1.?? ????L?K??????????? ?
??????????????????,?????????????????????????
16
4.3.1 ?????(Isoquant curve) (?1)
1??????????????????? 2??????????
????????????????????
17
4.3.1 ?????(Isoquant curve) (?2)
????????????????????,??????????????,????????????
???????( MRTS) marginal ratio of technical
substitution ?A?B ????????(OLB-OLA),
????????(OKA-OKB)?
18
4.3.1 ?????(Isoquant curve) (?3)
????????? ????????? ? ?
?
19
4.3.1 ?????(Isoquant curve) (?4)
3????????????? ???Q1?Q2??, ?A?B??Q1? ?
QAQB? ?? QAQC? ? QCQB? ?
QCgtQB,??? ? Q1?Q2????
20
4.3.1 ?????(Isoquant curve) (?5)
4???????????
1)???????? ???????? ??????,?MRTS ????
2)???????? ???????? ??????,??? ??????????
21
4.3.2 ?????(isocost curve)
???????,?????????????????????,??????????????????
???????????? ??????
CPkKPLL C??,???
22
4.3.3 ???????????
1???? 1)?????,????? 2)?????,????????
??????
23
4.3.3 ??????????? (?1)
2?????
??????K?L??????,A???,?????????? A?Q????
A?C???? ????
24
4.3.4 ????????????????
??C?PK ??,?PL??, ? ???????, K0???K1,
L0???L1? ?? ????????? ???
25
4.3.5 ????????????????
??????? 1.????????? 2.????????? 3.???(??)????
26
4.4 ????4.4.1 ?????????(Returns to scale)
??????????? ?LK?Q ,??aLaK??
aLakbQ 1.??????(increasing returns to
scale) bgta,???????????????????? 2.??????(const
ant returns to scale) ba,????????????????????
3.??????(diminishing returns to scale)
blta,????????????????????
27
4.4.2 ?????????

• 1???????
• ?????????????????
• ?????????
• ??????
• ??????????????????
• ????(Economies of scale)??????????????????,?????
  ?????????

28
4.4.2 ????????? (?1)
2??????? ??????????????,????????????????,??????
???????????????
29
4.4.2 ????????? (?2)

• 3???????
• ????????????????
• ??????
• ???????????????
• ?????????????
• ?????(diseconomies of scale)??????????,?????????
  ????????????

30
4.4.3 ?????????

• ?Qf(L,k),?L?K???????,?
• hQf(?L,?K)
• ?hgt?,??????????????
• h?,??????????????
• hlt?,???????????????
• ????????
• hQf(?L,?K)?nf(L,K)
• ? ngt1, ????????(hgtk)
• n1,????????(hk)
• nlt1,????????(hltk)?

31
?????
7???????????????????????????????????400????,??????
???????????????1200?????????????400?,????????35??
1)??????????????? 2)?????????????????
3)???????????????????????,?????????
32
????? (?1)
? 1)MPL400(?),MPK1200 (?)
2)MPL/MPK400/12001/3 3)?MPL/PL400/3580/7,
MPK/PK1200/4003, ?MPL/PLgtMPK/PK ?
??????,???L?????
33
????? (?2)
8???????????????????,??????????????,???????? Q6L
0.03L2-0.0006L3 ??Q?????(m3),L???????(?)??????
???????90/m3,????????240/?? 1)???????????,??????
?? 2)????????,????????
34
????? (?3)
???Q6L 0.03L2-0.0006L3,? AP60.03L-0.0006L2
MP60.06L-0.0018L2 1)?AP0,?
60.03L-0.0006L20,?L25 2)?MPPQPL
?(60.06L-0.0018L2)90240 ?L63(?)
35
????? (?4)
9.????????Q2MN-0.4M2-0.6N2 1)?N10?,?M????????
???M???????? 2)????M?????50??,N?????50??,M??????
?800?, N???????400?,???????????????????????
3)??2)????????????
36
????? (?5)
???Q2MN-0.4M2-0.6N2, ?MPM2N-0.8M,
MPN2M-1.2N 1)N10?, Q20M-0.4M2-60
?MPM20-0.8M ?M0?MPM???
37
????? (?6)
2)?MN50 ?MPM60, MPN40
?MPM/PM60/8003/40,MPN/PN40/4004/40
?MPM/PM?MPN/PN ??????????,Q2500?
3)
?
2MN-0.4M2-0.6N22500