Cultures of the World

1
Chapter 4

• Cultures of the World

2
Section 1

• What is Culture?

3
Culture

• Culture
• A way of life for people who share similar
  beliefs and customs
• Cultural traits
• A characteristic of people, such as language,
  skills, customs that are passed down from
  generation to generation

4
Cultural Elements

• What you can see
• Houses
• Television, Food, Clothing
• Sports, entertainment, literature
• What you cant see
• Spiritual beliefs
• Government
• Ideas about right and wrong
• Language

5
People and the land

• Technology
• Tools and the skills that people need to use
  them. Science, computers, industry.
• Cultural Landscape
• How the land has been changed by humans, reflects
  on their culture.

6
Development of Culture

• Cultures develop over a long period of time
• Early cultures 4 stages
• 1-invention of tools
• 2-discovery of fire
• 3-growth of agriculture
• 4-use of writing

7
Agriculture

• Agriculture
• Farming
• Growing crops and raising livestock

8
Section 2

• Social Groups, Language, and Religion

9
Organizing a Society

• Social structure
• A way of organizing people into smaller groups
• The family is the most important social unit of
  any culture.

10
Kinds of Families

• Nuclear family
• A family unit which includes a mother, father,
  and their children
• Extended family
• A family unit that may include parents, children,
  grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins often living
  with or near each other

11
Culture

• 3 important features of a culture
• 1- Social Organization
• A persons rank or status
• 2- Language
• Every culture is based on language
• Language reflects things that are important to
  people
• 3- Religion
• Provides comfort and hope for people during
  difficult times
• Guides people in ethics
• Standards of accepted behavior

12
Section 3

• Economic and Political Systems

13
Economic Systems

• Economy
• Is a system for producing, distributing and
  consuming goods and services

14
Economy

• Producers
• A person that makes the products
• Owners and workers
• Produces goods
• Goods
• Products that are made to be sold
• Cars, computers, paper, food
• Services
• Work done or duties performed for other people

15
Economy

• Consumers
• People that buy and use the goods and services

16
3 Economies

• Capitalism
• Privately owned businesses
• Consumer is important
• Free-market Economy
• U.S., Japan

17
3 Economies

• Socialism
• Government owns most businesses
• Businesses for the good of society, not profit
• Uses profits to pay for healthcare and education
• Some businesses follow capitalism
• Spain, Portugal, Italy
• Canada has hints of socialism

18
3 Economies

• Communism
• Government owns all aspects of business
• For the good of the people
• Controls all aspects of citizens lives
• Prices of goods and services
• What is produced
• Workers salary
• China, Cuba, North Korea

19
Political Systems

• Government
• The system that sets up and enforces a societys
  laws and institutions
• Direct Democracy
• Everyone participated in decisions
• Smaller groupschiefs, elders
• Monarchy
• King or Queen rule the government
• Sweden, Denmark, Spain
• Representative Democracy
• Representatives elected by the people to make
  decisions for them
• U.S., Canada, Isreal
• Dictatorship
• When one person has almost complete power over a
  country
• Fidel Castro, Saddam Hussein, Josef Stalin, Adolf
  Hitler

20
Section 4

• Cultural Change

21
Changing Cultures

• Environment
• Weather
• Ideas
• Recycle
• Technology
• Tools, seeds, computers, internet

22
Sharing Ideas

• Cultural diffusion
• The movement of customs and ideas from one
  culture to another.
• Acculturation
• The process of accepting, borrowing, and
  exchanging ideas and traits among cultures.