Allies Plan Victory

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Allies Plan Victory
Roosevelt United States
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• Churchill (England) and Roosevelt (US) met to
  decide to help Stalin (USSR) open a new front in
  Europe.
• Stalin wanted the Allies to attack France and
  immediately relieve pressure on him, but the
  Allies started in Africa

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• British General Montgomery attacked and defeated
  German forces under Rommel at the Battle of El
  Alamein
• Operation Torch- led by Dwight D. Eisenhower-
  landed forces in Algeria and Morocco and squashed
  the German Afrika Korps

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• In Russia, the German Army moved into the
  bomb-ruined city of Stalingrad for the winter,
  but the Soviets surrounded the city and starved
  the Germans into surrendering on Feb 1943

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• July 1943- Allied forces captured Sicily,
  Mussolini was fired and arrested, but Germany
  still controlled northern Italy. Italian King was
  reinstated and Italy joined Allies
• Allies captured Rome in 1944, Mussolini was
  caught trying to retreat with the Germans in
  April 1945.
• He was shot and his body hung in the Milan town
  square

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Life on Allied Home Fronts
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• In the US, factories produced the weapons and
  equipment for war.
• The government rationed meat, sugar, tire,
  gasoline, nylon stockings, laundry soap, and
  more.
• Government sold war stamps and bonds to finance
  the war

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• Prejudice against Japanese arose in the US post-
  Pearl Harbor
• Internment camps relocated thousands to military
  locations
• The government confiscated their property

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Allied victory in Europe
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• In 1943, the Allies began building an invasion
  force in England
• June 6, 1944- D-Day- Operation Overlord involved
  thousands of planes, ships, tanks, landing craft,
  and 3.5 million troops landing on the coast of
  France at Normandy.

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• By September, the Allied forces liberated France,
  Belgium, Luxembourg, and much of the Netherlands
• The Allied forces moved in on Germany from the
  West, while the Soviets moved in from the East

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• Dec 16, 1944- Battle of the Bulge- German forces
  broke through weak American defenses and pushed
  the Allied line in Ardennes, France, but the
  Allies pushed back.

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• April 30, 1945- Hitler, after marrying long-time
  companion Eva Braun, and writing a final speech
  blaming the entire war on the Jews, committed
  suicide.

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• May 7-8, 1945- VE Day (Victory in Europe) General
  Eisenhower accepted the unconditional surrender
  of the Germans

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Victory in the Pacific
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• Iwo Jima and Okinawa were captured by US/Allied
  forces
• After being advised that an invasion of Japan
  would cost 500,000 US lives, President Truman
  decided to use the atomic bomb to bring the war
  to the quickest end.

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Fat Man

• Aug 6, 1945- The US dropped an A-bomb on
  Hiroshima killing 73,000

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Little Boy

• On Aug 9, 1945- the US dropped an A-bomb on
  Nagasaki, killing 37,500
• Thousands more died later of radiation

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• Victory in Japan (VJ Day)- General MacArthur
  accepted the Japanese surrender