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America in World War II

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America in World War II Never before have we had so little time in which to do so much. -Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1942 By: Norma Avalos & Javier Perez – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: America in World War II


1
America in World War II Never before have we
had so little time in which to do so
much.-Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1942
  • By Norma Avalos
  • Javier Perez

2
The Allies Trade Space for Time
  • Pearl Harbor (1941)
  • Americas desire for vengeance against the
    Pacific
  • Franklin D. Roosevelt decided to
  • 1st destroy Japans allies
  • PLAN gather allied forces after defeating Hitler
  • Conflicts
  • From isolation to war
  • Could they arrive fast enough??

3
The Shock of War
  • Executive Order No. 9066
  • Detention Camps, also known as concentration
    camps, set up for enemy aliens (Japanese, German,
    Italian descendants)
  • 2/3 American-born U.S. citizens
  • Regret
  • Finally in 1988, U.S. Government officially
    apologized paid 20,000 to camp survivors

4
Building the War Machine
  • Great Depression ended due to great demands for
    jobs production
  • Henry J. Kaiser, Sir Launchalot
  • Shipbuilder who assembled 1 ship p/14days
  • Many essential goods rationed such as food and
    gasoline
  • Labor unions forbidden of striking
  • Some still did (United Mine Workers, led by John
    L. Lewis)
  • Congress passed Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act in
    June 1943
  • Federal government could seize and take over
    industries that were either on the verge of or
    under strikes
  • Luckily only less than 1 of working hours were
    accounted for under strikes

5
Manpower Womanpower
  • Men AND women drafted
  • 15 million men in armed forces as well as 216,000
    women, women in arms WAACS (Army), WAVES
    (Navy), SPARS (Coast Guard)
  • 1942 agreement w/ Mexico, The Bracero Program-
  • thousands of Mexican agricultural workers were to
    come work in America due to lack of personnel
  • Women also took over men jobs but 2/3 of them
    became housewives again after the war
  • Return of men created a baby boom

6
Wartime Migrations
  • Californias pop grew by nearly 2 million
  • Hypocrisy in America??
  • President Roosevelt created the Fair Employment
    Practices Commission (FEPC) in attempt to
    decrease racism in workplace
  • Meanwhile, Blacks in the military were still
    being discriminated against just like at home
  • Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) founded in
    1942
  • 1944-mechanical cotton picker invented, therefore
    Blacks no longer needed
  • Majority decided to move North or West, all in
    search of a better life
  • 1.6 million blacks left the South
  • By 1970, ½ of Black race lived outside of the
    South

7
Holding the Home Front
  • U.S.A.-only country to be better off after the
    war than before
  • Both corporate profits and gross national product
    more than doubled
  • Americas wartime bill came out to be 330
    billion ( than the costs of all previous
    American wars combined)
  • National debt from 49 billion to 259 billion
    due to expansion of income tax
  • War cost up to 10 b/p/hr at one point

8
The Rising Sun in the Pacific
  • Japanese gained more land than what they lost
  • Conquered
  • Guam, Wake, Hong Kong, British Malaya, Burma, the
    Dutch East Indies, the Philippines, and even a
    part of China
  • After conquering the Philippines, the fighters
    were obliged to make the infamous 85-mile Bataan
    death march
  • U.S. General Douglas MacArthur escaped in time to
    flee to Australia but promised to return and free
    the islands from Japans chokehold

9
Japans High Tide at Midway
  • American Australian forces finally caught up w/
    Japan in the Coral Sea (worlds 1st naval battle
    in which the ships never saw their opponent)
  • During Japans attempt to seize Midway Island,
    U.S. Admiral Chester W. Nimitz stopped them and
    there began the 3 day battle, June 3-6 1942,
    which would now halt the Japanese from further
    expansion
  • Island hopping-Allies landed on and conquered
    neighboring islands and starved them to death,
    therefore keeping Japan away.

10
American Leapfrogging Toward Tokyo
  • August 1942 America won at Guadalcanal
  • August 1943 gained Aleutian Islands of Attu
    Kiska by island hopping
  • August 1944 gained New Guinea
  • June 19, 1944 U.S. attacks Marianas w/ advanced
    aircraft (i.e. Hellcat fighter)
  • June 20, 1944 U.S. won the Battle of the
    Philippine Sea
  • U.S. performed hourly bombing raids over Japan
    especially in Tokyo

11
The Battle of the Philippine Sea
12
The Allied Halting of Hitler
  • U.S. cracked enigma code made it easier to
    pinpoint German U-boats
  • Discovery made at the end of the war
  • Hitler close to releasing a new improved U-boat
    that could last x-amount of time underwater was
    able to cruise at 17 knots underwater as well
  • Oct. 1942In El Alamein British General Bernard
    Montgomery defeated German leader Marshall Edwin
    Rommel, also known as the Desert Fox
  • Russia recovered 2/3 of the land they had lost

13
A Second Front from North Africa to Rome
  • Soviets desperate for a different approach in
    regards to their large loses (20 million Soviet
    forces dead by end of WWII)
  • British planned to invade Italy through North
    Africa in hopes of attacking their soft
    underbelly plot came to be known as Operation
    Torch
  • Not very successful, underbelly underestimated
  • Led to creation of unconditional surrender
    founded by FDR Churchill at Casablanca
    Conference
  • Mussolini, Italian dictator lynched w/ mistress
    Italy remained a part of Axis Powers
  • August 1943 Sicily surrendered June 4, 1944
    Rome did, too Italy finally defeated on May 2,
    1945

14
Operation Torch
15
D-Day June 6, 1944
  • Tehran Conference-the 3 Allied Forces met to
    discuss and created plans for the cross-channel
    invasion
  • General Dwight D. Eisenhower was the appointee
  • 1st on the list
  • The invasion of Normandy
  • Paris freed in August 1944 thanks to
  • The French underground
  • (The angels sent from heavenHalleluiah!!) JK

16
Leaders of Allied Forces
17
FDR The Fourth-Termite of 1944
  • Republicans Thomas E. Dewey
  • Liberal governor of New York
  • VP John W. Bricker
  • Opponent Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt
  • VP Harry S. Truman

18
Roosevelt Defeats Dewey
  • Dewey chose to take offensive route in
    campaigning
  • FDR preoccupied w/ WWII
  • Regardless, Roosevelt surpassed Dewey by 333
    votes 432-99
  • Franklin Delano Roosevelt-4 terms in office WOW!!
  • Not so much since it had previously occurred just
    3yrs. ago

19
Roosevelt Defeats Dewey Cont.
20
The Last Days of Hitler
  • Battle of the Bulge-Dec. 16, 1944 in Ardennes
    forest lasted 10 days
  • March 1945- Americans deeper deeper into
    Germany
  • Joined Soviet troops and navigated toward Berlin
  • Concentration Camps- withheld Jews, Dutch,
    Polish, disabled, and other minorities they were
    used as laborers experiments, they were also
    tortured and killed
  • Allied forces werent previously aware, disgusted
    by their cruelty toward Jews undesirables

21
The Last Days of Hitler Cont.
  • Farewell
  • Unfortunately, FDR died from a cerebral
    hemorrhage on April 12, 1945
  • As a result to his failure, Hitler committed
    suicide on April 30, 1945
  • White Flag Finally Raised!!
  • May 7, 1945 official German surrender
  • May 8, 1995-officially proclaimed V-E Day
  • (Victory in Europe Day)

22
Japan Dies Hard
  • March 9-10, 1945- firebomb raids on Tokyo kills
    83,000ppl
  • Promise Kept!!
  • Oct. 20, 1944-General MacArthur returns to the
    Philippines
  • Liberates Manila in March 1945
  • Japan sea-handicapped after last great naval
    battle at Leyte Gulf
  • 4,000 Americans lost during 25-day captivity of
    Iwo Jima in March 1945
  • April-June 1945, Okinawa went down along with
    50,000 Americans
  • Japans last resort was to turn to kamikazes,
    suicide pilots

23
The Atomic Bombs
  • July 1945, Potsdam Conference- Allies had no
    alternative turned to surrender or be
    destroyed
  • Many warnings were given to Japan by the Allied
    Forces If Japan didnt surrender, then theyd
    have to face complete utter destruction
  • Japan ignored all warnings refused to hold back
  • Consider yourself warned
  • August 6, 1945- Americans dropped the 1st atomic
    bomb on Hiroshima, causing the deaths of 180,000
    people
  • August 9, 1945- 2nd atomic bomb was dropped on
    Nagasaki, killing 80,000
  • August 8, 1945-Soviets declared war against Japan
  • August 10,1945-Japan agreed to surrender as long
    as Hirohito remained their emperor Allies
    accepted

24
The Atomic Bombs Cont.
  • Hiroshima Bombing

25
The Atomic Bombs Cont.
  • Nagasaki Bombing

26
War Officially Over!!
  • September 2, 1945 was the formal end of the
    long-lasting war
  • Hirohito surrendered to General MacArthur aboard
    the U.S.S. Missouri

27
The Allies Triumphant
  • America suffered 1 million casualties
  • Few due to diseases because of the new discovery
    of penicillin
  • We mainly owe our gratitude of victory to U.S.
    generals, admirals, leaders, who got us through
    this war without any major set backs
  • Who says the good guys dont always win??
  • We are the STRONG, the FEARLESS, the CONQUERORS
    we are AMERICA, the land of the FREE the home
    of the BRAVE

28
Extra InfoNov. 4, 1948 Harry S. Truman vs.
Thomas E. Dewey
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