Title: America in World War II
1America in World War II Never before have we
had so little time in which to do so
much.-Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1942
- By Norma Avalos
-
- Javier Perez
2The Allies Trade Space for Time
- Pearl Harbor (1941)
- Americas desire for vengeance against the
Pacific - Franklin D. Roosevelt decided to
- 1st destroy Japans allies
- PLAN gather allied forces after defeating Hitler
- Conflicts
- From isolation to war
- Could they arrive fast enough??
3The Shock of War
- Executive Order No. 9066
- Detention Camps, also known as concentration
camps, set up for enemy aliens (Japanese, German,
Italian descendants) - 2/3 American-born U.S. citizens
- Regret
- Finally in 1988, U.S. Government officially
apologized paid 20,000 to camp survivors
4Building the War Machine
- Great Depression ended due to great demands for
jobs production - Henry J. Kaiser, Sir Launchalot
- Shipbuilder who assembled 1 ship p/14days
- Many essential goods rationed such as food and
gasoline - Labor unions forbidden of striking
- Some still did (United Mine Workers, led by John
L. Lewis) - Congress passed Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act in
June 1943 - Federal government could seize and take over
industries that were either on the verge of or
under strikes - Luckily only less than 1 of working hours were
accounted for under strikes
5Manpower Womanpower
- Men AND women drafted
- 15 million men in armed forces as well as 216,000
women, women in arms WAACS (Army), WAVES
(Navy), SPARS (Coast Guard) - 1942 agreement w/ Mexico, The Bracero Program-
- thousands of Mexican agricultural workers were to
come work in America due to lack of personnel - Women also took over men jobs but 2/3 of them
became housewives again after the war - Return of men created a baby boom
6Wartime Migrations
- Californias pop grew by nearly 2 million
- Hypocrisy in America??
- President Roosevelt created the Fair Employment
Practices Commission (FEPC) in attempt to
decrease racism in workplace - Meanwhile, Blacks in the military were still
being discriminated against just like at home - Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) founded in
1942 - 1944-mechanical cotton picker invented, therefore
Blacks no longer needed - Majority decided to move North or West, all in
search of a better life - 1.6 million blacks left the South
- By 1970, ½ of Black race lived outside of the
South
7Holding the Home Front
- U.S.A.-only country to be better off after the
war than before - Both corporate profits and gross national product
more than doubled - Americas wartime bill came out to be 330
billion ( than the costs of all previous
American wars combined) - National debt from 49 billion to 259 billion
due to expansion of income tax - War cost up to 10 b/p/hr at one point
8The Rising Sun in the Pacific
- Japanese gained more land than what they lost
- Conquered
- Guam, Wake, Hong Kong, British Malaya, Burma, the
Dutch East Indies, the Philippines, and even a
part of China - After conquering the Philippines, the fighters
were obliged to make the infamous 85-mile Bataan
death march - U.S. General Douglas MacArthur escaped in time to
flee to Australia but promised to return and free
the islands from Japans chokehold
9Japans High Tide at Midway
- American Australian forces finally caught up w/
Japan in the Coral Sea (worlds 1st naval battle
in which the ships never saw their opponent) - During Japans attempt to seize Midway Island,
U.S. Admiral Chester W. Nimitz stopped them and
there began the 3 day battle, June 3-6 1942,
which would now halt the Japanese from further
expansion - Island hopping-Allies landed on and conquered
neighboring islands and starved them to death,
therefore keeping Japan away.
10American Leapfrogging Toward Tokyo
- August 1942 America won at Guadalcanal
- August 1943 gained Aleutian Islands of Attu
Kiska by island hopping - August 1944 gained New Guinea
- June 19, 1944 U.S. attacks Marianas w/ advanced
aircraft (i.e. Hellcat fighter) - June 20, 1944 U.S. won the Battle of the
Philippine Sea - U.S. performed hourly bombing raids over Japan
especially in Tokyo
11The Battle of the Philippine Sea
12The Allied Halting of Hitler
- U.S. cracked enigma code made it easier to
pinpoint German U-boats - Discovery made at the end of the war
- Hitler close to releasing a new improved U-boat
that could last x-amount of time underwater was
able to cruise at 17 knots underwater as well - Oct. 1942In El Alamein British General Bernard
Montgomery defeated German leader Marshall Edwin
Rommel, also known as the Desert Fox - Russia recovered 2/3 of the land they had lost
13A Second Front from North Africa to Rome
- Soviets desperate for a different approach in
regards to their large loses (20 million Soviet
forces dead by end of WWII) - British planned to invade Italy through North
Africa in hopes of attacking their soft
underbelly plot came to be known as Operation
Torch - Not very successful, underbelly underestimated
- Led to creation of unconditional surrender
founded by FDR Churchill at Casablanca
Conference - Mussolini, Italian dictator lynched w/ mistress
Italy remained a part of Axis Powers - August 1943 Sicily surrendered June 4, 1944
Rome did, too Italy finally defeated on May 2,
1945
14Operation Torch
15D-Day June 6, 1944
- Tehran Conference-the 3 Allied Forces met to
discuss and created plans for the cross-channel
invasion - General Dwight D. Eisenhower was the appointee
- 1st on the list
- The invasion of Normandy
- Paris freed in August 1944 thanks to
- The French underground
- (The angels sent from heavenHalleluiah!!) JK
16Leaders of Allied Forces
17FDR The Fourth-Termite of 1944
- Republicans Thomas E. Dewey
- Liberal governor of New York
- VP John W. Bricker
- Opponent Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt
- VP Harry S. Truman
18Roosevelt Defeats Dewey
- Dewey chose to take offensive route in
campaigning - FDR preoccupied w/ WWII
- Regardless, Roosevelt surpassed Dewey by 333
votes 432-99 - Franklin Delano Roosevelt-4 terms in office WOW!!
- Not so much since it had previously occurred just
3yrs. ago
19Roosevelt Defeats Dewey Cont.
20The Last Days of Hitler
- Battle of the Bulge-Dec. 16, 1944 in Ardennes
forest lasted 10 days - March 1945- Americans deeper deeper into
Germany - Joined Soviet troops and navigated toward Berlin
- Concentration Camps- withheld Jews, Dutch,
Polish, disabled, and other minorities they were
used as laborers experiments, they were also
tortured and killed - Allied forces werent previously aware, disgusted
by their cruelty toward Jews undesirables
21The Last Days of Hitler Cont.
- Farewell
- Unfortunately, FDR died from a cerebral
hemorrhage on April 12, 1945 - As a result to his failure, Hitler committed
suicide on April 30, 1945 - White Flag Finally Raised!!
- May 7, 1945 official German surrender
- May 8, 1995-officially proclaimed V-E Day
- (Victory in Europe Day)
22Japan Dies Hard
- March 9-10, 1945- firebomb raids on Tokyo kills
83,000ppl - Promise Kept!!
- Oct. 20, 1944-General MacArthur returns to the
Philippines - Liberates Manila in March 1945
- Japan sea-handicapped after last great naval
battle at Leyte Gulf - 4,000 Americans lost during 25-day captivity of
Iwo Jima in March 1945 - April-June 1945, Okinawa went down along with
50,000 Americans - Japans last resort was to turn to kamikazes,
suicide pilots
23The Atomic Bombs
- July 1945, Potsdam Conference- Allies had no
alternative turned to surrender or be
destroyed - Many warnings were given to Japan by the Allied
Forces If Japan didnt surrender, then theyd
have to face complete utter destruction - Japan ignored all warnings refused to hold back
- Consider yourself warned
- August 6, 1945- Americans dropped the 1st atomic
bomb on Hiroshima, causing the deaths of 180,000
people - August 9, 1945- 2nd atomic bomb was dropped on
Nagasaki, killing 80,000 - August 8, 1945-Soviets declared war against Japan
- August 10,1945-Japan agreed to surrender as long
as Hirohito remained their emperor Allies
accepted
24The Atomic Bombs Cont.
25The Atomic Bombs Cont.
26War Officially Over!!
- September 2, 1945 was the formal end of the
long-lasting war - Hirohito surrendered to General MacArthur aboard
the U.S.S. Missouri
27The Allies Triumphant
- America suffered 1 million casualties
- Few due to diseases because of the new discovery
of penicillin - We mainly owe our gratitude of victory to U.S.
generals, admirals, leaders, who got us through
this war without any major set backs - Who says the good guys dont always win??
- We are the STRONG, the FEARLESS, the CONQUERORS
we are AMERICA, the land of the FREE the home
of the BRAVE
28Extra InfoNov. 4, 1948 Harry S. Truman vs.
Thomas E. Dewey