Age of Exploration

1
Age of Exploration

• Chapter 14 and Chapter 15

2
Why?

• Trade
• spices, silks, jade
• Moluccas- island chain known as the spice islands
• Curiosity
• Religion

3
Portugal

• Prince Henry the Navigator
• Conversions, Muslim Riches, Asia
• Recruitment Cartographers, sailors, ship
  builders, engineers
• Dies in 1460
• Bartholomeu Dias
• rounded Cape of Good Hope in 1488
• Vasco da Gama
• Voyage to Calicut in India
• Imprisoned
• Returns with minimal goods (300 profit)
• Second Voyage to Calicut to force a treaty and
  leave merchants

4
Christopher Columbus

• Believed he could sail west and reach the East
  Indies
• Portugal would not sponsor him
• Ferdinand and Isabella did though
• Spanish Inquisition forces Jews and many wealthy
  people out seeking riches and prestige
• First Voyage Aug. 3, 1492 ? Nina, Pinta, and
  Santa Maria
• Reach land Oct. 12
• Total of 4 voyages

5
Exploratory Conflict

• Line of Demarcation split the globe
• Pope Alexander VI
• Spain gets west, Portugal gets East
• Treaty of Tordesillas

6
Other Early Explorers

• Amerigo Vespucci (Itl)
• Journals voyage to Brazil
• Martin Waldseemuller
• Used Vespuccis journals to map the Americas
• Vasco Nunez de Balboa(Spain)
• Helped by Indians to get through Panama

7
Ferdinand Magellan

• From Portugal
• Set out with 5 ships from Spain
• Reached S. Am. and explored every bay
• Finally reaches southern tip ? Strait of Magellan
• Brutal Storms, Winds, and Tides
• Renames South Sea ?Pacific
• Crew wanted to return, Magellan wanted to
  continue
• 3 wks to spice islands, took 4 months
• Magellan is killed at the Philippines
• Sept. 8, 1522 ? return with 1 ship and 18 sailors
• 1st to Circumnavigate

8
Exploration of Africa

• Portugal sets up minor establishments along
  African Coast
• Wish to cut out Middle men
• African goods gold, ivory, hides, slaves
• Took over Mambasa and Malindi
• Expelled Arabs

9
African Slave Trade

• slavery has been around for thousands of years
• Euro. Used slave labor for plantations
• Plantation large estates run by an owner or an
  owners overseer
• slave raids by rulers and companies

10
African Resistance

• Affonso I, ruled Kongo
• Had been tortured by Port. Missionaries
• He asked Portugal to help develop Kongo
• Results in overwhelming slave trade
• Banned in some areas

11
African Civilizations

• Asante Kingdom (Ghana)
• Osei Tutu-military leader that took over
• United area by claiming to be ruler through power
  of heaven
• Created government based on merit
• Monopolies on gold and slave trade
• Played Europeans against each other
• Oyo Empire
• Forest kingdom composed of Yoruba people
• Built army from slavery wealth

12
European Expansion

• British, Dutch, and French take over as Portugal
  declines
• Establish colonies
• Dutch build Cape Town at tip of Africa
• First permanent European settlement
• Boers settle around the area
• Locals are killed off due to elitist views

13
Europe in Asia

• Portuguese had a superior navy with better
  cannons
• Alfonso de Albuquerque
• Sailed to Asia
• Mughal Empire Muslim controlled lands in
  central Asia
• Trading Outposts
• 1510- Portuguese take Goa
• Becomes a major mil./commercial base
• 1511- Portugal takes Malacca the Muslim city in
  East Indies
• Outposts distant areas under a countrys control

14
Dutch Exploration

• 1599- Dutch fleet returns successfully from Asia
• Set up Cape Town
• Dutch East India Company group of wealthy Dutch
  merchants
• had full sovereign powers
• 1641- Dutch take Malacca
• Use their military to create a monopoly on trade
  in the region

15
Spanish Exploration

• Took over the Philippines
• Conquered and named after Phillip II

16
Mughal India

• Europeans allowed building forts
• Empire shatters by corruption and power struggles
• European companies raise armies
• Eypoys Indian troops

17
East Asian Exploration
18
Ming China

• Europeans have inferior products
• Chinese demand silver and gold
• Macao (Guangzhou)
• Portuguese trading post in China
• Rules
• Trade only under supervision
• Leave at the end of the trade season

19
Manchu Conquest

• Manchu Manchurians from NW China
• Qing (ching) Dynasty
• Adopted Confucianism
• 2 rulers (1 Manchu/ 1 Chinese)
• Local governments were maintained
• Army station to ensure loyalty

20
Manchu Rulers

• Kangxi
• Expanded empire, promoted Chinese culture
• Qianlong
• Kangxis grandson
• Created largest Chinese empire in history
• Retired after 60 years for grandfathers sake

21
Lord Macartney

• Diplomat
• Brought sample products (Strike 1)
• Refusal to bow meeting the emperor (Strike 2)
• Discussions of the natural superiority of the
  English (Strike 3)

22
Japan

• Welcomed westerners at first
• Use of European weapons may have stabilized the
  country
• Japanese welcome Christianity and the printing
  press
• Sources of fear
• Knew of Spanish take-over of Philippines
• Christian allegiance

23
Japan cont.

• Missionaries kicked out
• Japanese Christians persecuted and killed
• Complete Isolation
• Outlawed travel, large ship building
• Allowed 1-2 Dutch ships in Nagasaki per year to
  keep informed