Intermission: encoding data

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Intermission encoding data

• Glimpses into History

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Holerith's punched card tabulators - 1890

• Calculator
• cards to store data
• used in 1890 census in the USA
• census completed in 6 weeks (the previous 1880
  census took 7 years)
• Saved 5 mln, more detailed data

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Jacquard's punched-card loom 1804

• Device for automatic weaving !
• Punched cards
• program sequence of cards
• Fully automatic loom
• ? textile industry as we know it today

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Babbage's engine - 1822

• Difference engine
• solve functions
• single purpose, but extremely complex

Ada Lovelace

• First programmer
• Worked with Babbage on analytical engine
• Her idea to program the machine !

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Holleriths punchcard
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and IBM

• Hollerith commercializes the tabulating machine
  (1896) ? the Tabulating Machine Co.
• Merges with Computing Scale Co. of America and
  International Time Recording Co. (1911) ?
  Computing-Tabulating-Recording Co. (or C-T-R)
• CTR changes name to International Bussiness
  Machines Corporation (IBM) in 1924.
• Holleriths character code and punched card
  became the core technologies of the company which
  dominated computing into the 1970s.