The Industrial Revolution

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The Industrial Revolution

• During the 19th Century (1800s) production of
  goods changed dramatically.
• Instead of one worker putting together an entire
  item from start to finish
• gun making

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• goods were now made with interchangeable parts
  and were mass produced in factories instead of
  being made in peoples homes.

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• This change in production is called the
  Industrial Revolution.

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Industrial Revolution in the United States

• After the American Revolution the primary source
  of income in America was international trade.
• Jeffersons Embargo of 1807 and the War of 1812
  hurt American shipping so badly that investors
  were looking for other alternatives.
  Manufacturing became that alternative.

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TWO Agricultural Systems Develop

• The North
• In the Northwest farmers grew crops such as corn
  and grain that did not require much labor.

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• In the Northeast individuals farmed on small
  plots of land.
• By 1804 almost all states in the north had
  outlawed slavery.

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• The South
• Eli Whitneys Cotton Gin a machine used to
  clean the seeds from cotton allowed cotton
  producers to produce more cotton.

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• Slave labor provided the large labor force that
  plantations needed.
• As demand for cotton increased so did the demand
  for slaves.
• spread of cotton and slavery

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James Monroe

• James Monroe was overwhelmingly elected president
  in 1816 and 1820
• Monroes presidency began during an era of
  increased nationalism after the War of 1812 known
  as the Era of Good Feelings (1815-1825)

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• Monroes goals as president were to
• 1) promote national unity and
• 2) Americas place in the world

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• Monroe promoted nationalism American unity in
  three ways
• 1) Government
• 2) Economy
• 3) Foreign Policy

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Government

• 1)Increase the power of the national government
  over the states
• John Marshall (1801-1835) used the power of the
  Supreme Court to strengthen the power of the
  national government

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The Legacy of John Marshall
In each of these cases, John Marshall helped
strengthen the power of the national govt over
the states or protected citizens from the power
of their state govts

• Fletcher v Peck (1810)
• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
• Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)
• Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

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Economy

• 2) Encourage industry and transportation to link
  the South, North, and West

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The American System

• In 1816, Congressman Henry Clay proposed the
  American System to unify the economies of the
  North, South, West
• Create a Second Bank of the US of the U.S.
• Create a tariff to promote U.S. industry and
  limit British manufactured goods
• - Improve transportation with roads and canals

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• The American System allowed the USA to create a
  national market economy for the first time
• -

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Transportation by 1840 Rivers, Roads, Canals,
Railroads
The American System allowed the USA to create a
national market economy for the 1st time
Western farms grew grains raised livestock that
fed the nation
Northern factories made manufactured goods that
were sold throughout the country
Southern cotton was used in northern textiles
factories
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Settlement of the Trans-Mississippi
After the War of 1812, Americans flooded into
the West By 1840 over 1/3 of the population
lived in the West
This economic territorial growth created a need
to settle Americas national boundaries
Congress quickly admitted 5 new states to the
Union
Indiana (1816)
Illinois (1818)
Alabama (1819)
Mississippi (1817)
Louisiana (1812)
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Foreign Policy

• 3) Expanding U.S. borders increasing Americas
  role in world affairs

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American Nationalism
President Monroe his Secretary of State John
Quincy Adams used foreign policy to promote
nationalism territorial expansion
In 1819 the USA gained Florida from Spain with
the Adams-Onis Treaty
In 1818, Monroe British leaders agreed to
establish the US/Canada border set at the 49º
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Nationalist Foreign Policy

• When Latin American nations gained independence,
  the U.S. supported the new republics
• Monroe did not want Europeans re-colonizing in
  Latin America

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Monroe Doctrine (1823)

• warned European nations that the USA would
  protect the Western Hemisphere that the U.S.
  would not interfere in Europe

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Sectionalism

• The Era of Good Feelings was a time of
  nationalism, but there were problems between
  North South
• Sectionalismwhen regional interests are placed
  above national interests

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• Northerners Southerners disagreed over
• slavery,
• national taxes,
• the role of national govt
• These disagreements dominated politics from 1820
  to 1860

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• When Missouri applied to become a U.S. state,
  sectionalism emerged
• Missouri wanted to become a slave state, like the
  South
• Northerners did not want to see Southern slave
  states increase their power in the national govt
• If Missouri entered as a slave state, the South
  would have 2 more Senators than the North

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Missouri Compromise
Because of the 3/5 Compromise, the South had more
members of the House of Representatives
President Monroe was from Virginia, so the South
controlled the presidency too
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In 1820, Henry Clay negotiated the Missouri
Compromise
Maine broke from Massachusetts became a free
state
Missouri became a slave state
Slavery was outlawed in all western territories
above the latitude of 3630'