HOW THE PLANTS FEED THEMSELVES?

1
HOW THE PLANTS FEED THEMSELVES?
Barbara Bajd Dušan Krnel Faculty of
Education University of Ljubljana Project
SOPHIA Semniar for the teachers
2
Sophia project
Module 2 How the
plants feed? Structure of the module 2 1.
Introduction of problematic topics
Teachers and students misconceptions
(Greek study, what we know about
misconceptions, National external assessment in
biology in Slovenia)
3
Meeting 1 Introduction - plenary Presentation
of the project Sophia Presentation of working
methods (socioconstructivistic approach, action
research) Presentation of the objectives of the
module (module for teachers) Work in
groups Introducing cognitive conflicts
(experiment with the candle in the jar, matter
as particles, air as particles) Discussion

4
Work in groups Inquiry of the concepts connected
with photosynthesis Elicitation of concepts,
subordinated and relational concepts that
teachers are using in teaching. Understanding and
explanation of identified concepts. Poster
presentation Individually Questionnaire What
is food? What animals
and plants are breathing planning the next session
5
Meeting 2 1. Introduction - plenary
Discussing the results of the questionnaire
2. Working in groups Searching for
concepts in textbook and assessing tests.
Classification of concepts into categories
plant,
part of a
plant,
substance

energy

process
other
Matching the classified concepts with
results from the questionnaire
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• Plenary
• Selection of the most demanding concepts related
  to processes that support life
• in plants Breathing
• Nutritious substances
• Food
• 4. Work in groups
• Definition or detailed explanation of the
  selected concepts.

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Meeting 3 Introduction - plenary Presentation
of the groups works The best definition of
explanation for breathing and food relating to
plants. 2. Work in groups Working on
experiments breathing and producing food in
plants. Trigging the discussion with the
proposed statements. Introducing the Van
Helmonts experiment. Designing the
experiment to proof that Van Helmont was
wrong. Presentation and discussion 3.
Work in groups Designing experiment that
plants are breathing and producing oxygen.
Introduction of Priestleys and Ingen Houszs
experiments
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• Work in groups
• Designing of teaching Unit How the plants feed
  themselves
• Poster presentation
• Individually
• Module 2 evaluation

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• Pupils Understanding of Photosynthesis A
  questionnaire for the simultaneous assessment of
  all aspects
• Panagiota Marmaroti in Dia Galanopoulou
• International Journal of Science Education
• Vol. 28, No.4, 18 March 2006, pp.383-403

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• 290 Greek Pupils aged 13 years

11
In which part of the plant does photosynthesis
take place?
In the leaves 42.1
In all green parts of the plant 32.2
In the whole plant 21.2
In the roots 4.4
12
Which part of the plant contains chlorophyll?
In the green parts of the plant 45.2
In the leaves 40.1
In the roots 6.8
In the whole plant 6.2
13
In which part of the plant does photosynthesis
take place and which part of the plant contains
chlorophyll?
PHO take place in the green parts of the plant and chlorophyll is in the green parts of the plant 10.3
PHO takes place in the leaves and chlorophyll is in the leaves 20.7
PHO takes place in the leaves and chlorophyll is in the green parts of the plant 15.5
PHO takes place in the green parts of the plant and chlorophyll is in the leaves 15.5
PHO takes place in the whole plant and chlorophyll is in the leaves 13.8
14
When does photosynthesis take place?
During the day 63.0
When there is light 22.9
continuously 11.0
15
Which is the role of the sun in photosynthesis?
The sun provides plants with the energy required for photosynthesis 78.4
The sun warms the plants 4.1
The sun provides plants with food 7.9
16
Which is the role of the sun in photosynthesis
and when does photosynthesis take place?
The sun provides plants with the energy required for photosynthesis during the day 49.5
The sun provides plants with the energy required for photosynthesis and photosynthesis take place when there is light 9.2
The sun provides plants with the energy required for photosynthesis and photosynthesis take place continuously 9.2
The sun warms the plants and photosynthesis take place during the day 4.8
17
Which form of energy is necessary for
photosynthesis ?
Sunlight energy 45. 9
Sunlight energy and heat 38.7
Heat 2.7
None of them 11.3
18
Is the energy (E) produced, trapped or lost
during photosynthesis ?
E is produced during photosynthesis 69.5
E is trapped during photosynthesis 9.2
E is lost during photosynthesis 3.4
None of them 17.5
19
Which pair of substances is needed for
photosynthesis ?
Carbon dioxide and wather 33.9
Oxygen and wather 30.1
Oxygen and glucose 23.3
Carbon dioxide and oxygen 11.0
20
Which pair of substances is produced during
photosynthesis?
Glucose and oxygen 62.3
Carbon dioxide and glucose 14.7
Oxygen and water 14.4
Carbon dioxid and water 7.9
21
Which pair of substances are needed for
photosynthesis and which pair of substances is
produced during photosynthesis?
The plants need carbon dioxide and water, and produce glucose and oxygen 25.9
The plants need oxygen, water, and produce glucose and oxygen 22.4
The plants need glucose and oxygen, and produce glucose and oxygen 12.1
The plants need oxygen and water, and produce oxygen and water 8.6
The plants need carbon dioxide and oxygen, and produce glucose and carbon dioxide 6.9
The plants need glucose and oxygen, and produce glucose and carbon dioxide 5.2
22
Which is the role or fate of chlorophyll during
photosynthesis ?
Chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis 42.8
Chlorophyll is produced during photosynthesis 22.6
Chlorophyll is irrelevant to photosynthesis 20.8
Chlorophyll is consumed during photosynthesis 9.6
23
Which is the origin of the plant nutrients?
The plants can produce nutrients from water and carbondioxide 34.2
The plants can produce nutrients from water and oxygen 31.8
The plants received all their nutrients from the environment 25.7
The plants do not need nutrients from environment 5.5
24
Why are plants called autothrophs and which is
the origin of the plant nutrients?
Because they can produce their food by themselves and the plants can produce nutrients from water and oxygen 34.5
Because they can produce their food by themselves and the plants can produce nutrients from water and carbon dioxide 20.7
Because they can produce their food by themselves and the plants received all their nutrients from the environment 17.2
Because plants can find their food by themselves and the plants can produce nutrients from water and carbon dioxide 5.2
Because plants can find their food by themselves and the plants can produce nutrients from water and oxygen 5.2
25

• Photosynthesis and respiration

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What does food offer to the plants?
Food offers energy 40.8
Food offers nutrients for the production of other substances 32.2
food offers nutrients to be directly used 8.6
Food offers all the above 17.5
27
Which plant cell respired?
Leaf cells respire 62.7
Every plant cell respires 26.4
Root cells respire 8.2
None of the plant cell respires 2.0
28
In which part of the plant does photosynthesis
(PHO) take place and which plant cell respires?
PHO take place in leaves, and the leaf cells respire 25.9
PHO take place in the green parts of the plant, and the leaf cells respire 20.0
PHO take place in the leaves, and every plant cell respires 17.2
PHO take place in the whole plant, and the leaf cells respire 10.3
PHO take place in the green parts of the plant, and every plant cell respires 8.6
29
When do plants respire?
The plants respire continously 64.6
The plants respire during the day 19.9
The plants respire during the night 12.3
30
When does photosynthesis take place and when do
plants respire?
PHO take place during the day, and plants respire during the day 27.0
PHO take place during the day, and plants respire continuously 21.3
PHO take place during the day, and plants respire during the night 18.5
PHO take place continuously, and plants respire continuously 15.2
PHO take place when there is light, and plants respire continuously 12.5
31
Interrelation of photosynthesis and respiration
PHO and respiration occure in the plants at the same time 55.5
PHO occurs when there is no respiration 21.9
PHO is the respiration of plants 17.1
Plants do not respire 3.0
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• National External assesment in Slovenia 2006
• Biology
• 20.833 pupils

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• When do plants respire?
• A Plants respire during the day and night
• B Plants respire only during the night
• C Plants respire during the day
• D Plants do not respire
• 
  IT0,53

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• What is characteristic for cell respiration?
• A The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in
  the lungs, the water is secreting
• B Transport of oxygen to the cells, the energy is
  releasing, carbon dioxide and water are secreting
• C Decomposition of nutrients in the cell with the
  help of oxygen into the carbon dioxide and water,
  the energy is releasing
• D The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
  between the cell and the blood, in this process
  the energy is expired
• 
  IT 0,27

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LIST OF CONCEPTS CONNECTED WITH PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Plant, parts of the plants Substance energy process other
Floem Chlorophyll grain Chloroplast Xylem Leaf Green parts some words from the text books Leaf blade Leaf veins Leaf stromata Roots stem phloem sieve tube CO 2 Glucose Food Chlorophyll Minerals Oxygen Sugar Starch Wather Some words from the textbooks New substances Proteins Fats Minerals Rudninske snovi Air Organic substances Nutritious substances Leaf green Cellulose soil Colour spectrum Photon Sun Light some words from the textbooks Energy Day during the day heat Sleeping some words from the textbooks Exchange of the substances Growing Usage Releasing Energy is bounded Cell breathing breathing producers
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Poster presentation What is photosynthesis? Stude
nts of Biology
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POSTER PRESENTATION PLANTS ARE BREATHING Students
of biology
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Plants are breathing oxygen
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Growing
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An experiment to proof that plants are breathing
oxygen
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WHAT PLANTS ARE BREATHING?
2. Inspire O2, expire CO2 3. O2 4. Plants are breathing like people and animals, O2 5. Air (Oxygen) 6. Oxygen 7. Plants need for breathing sugar and oxygen 8. Oxygen is accepted and CO2 is going out 9. Oxygen 10. They are breathing air (oxygen, CO2, N..). Plants need oxygen for breathing and the side product of breathing is CO2 and water 11. Plants are breathing like us- oxygen 12. Plants are breathing oxygen, out is going CO2. the air is a mixture of different gasses 14. Oxygen and they exchange it into CO2 15. Oxygen 18. Oxygen. Photosynthesis is the opposite process of breathing 20. Oxygen as all living beings oxygen
13. Plants in breathing are using CO2 and every cell in plant is breathing 17. Plants are breathing CO2 which is in the air. 19. Air (CO2, N,..) CO2
1. They are changing O2 into CO2, which they use in photosynthesis 16. They are breathing gasses. Through stomata CO2 is entering and in a process of photosynthesis is bounding on chlorophyll and oxygen is producing others
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1. Through leaves stomata enters into the plant, out is going CO2 (opposite process from photosynthesis 4. In man and animals air (O2) is entering the body through mouth and nose in plants through stomata 5. Air enters the plant through small holes in leaves oxygen is used that plant can live 6. The oxygen enters the cell. Organic matter oxidise in CO2 and H2O. Energy is originated 7. Exchange through stomata. The process is going on in the cells (burning of glucose). Breathing gasses (oxygen and CO2) are exchanged through stomata. At the process of breathing, sugars are decomposed at the presence of oxygen and so they get the energy for growing. The final product is wather and CO2 8. Trough stomata. Breathing is processed in the cells 9. They are breathing so that O2 oxidise glucose in CO2 and H2O.The evangel of the mater is processed in through stomata 10. Through stomata 11. Through stomata 12. Through stomata accept the oxygen and out is going CO2- like man and animals 13. Plants accept CO2 through stomata. With the help of the chlorophyll and sun light the chemical reaction is processed and glucose and oxygen are produced. Gasses go through stomata 14. Through stomata. It is the opposite process than photosynthesis 16. Stomata 17. Stomata. In the leaves there are chloroplasts and the process is called photosynthesis. The sugar is producing from the CO2 and water. The oxygen leaves the plant through stomata 19. They are breathing with stomata with the help of the photosynthesis, which is processing in green parts of the plant 20. Oxygen enters in the plant through stomata. It helps in burning of food in the plant. The energy is releasing. CO2 is going through stomata stomata
HOW PLANTS ARE BREATHING?
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HOW PLANTS ARE BREATHING?
2. O2 enters the cell (mitochondrion) CO2 is going out and leave the plant through stomata 3. Breathing is happening in mitochondria, which need glucose and O2. The product is CO2 and H2O and the energy is released, which plants need for growing, moving the flower, mitochondria
13. No answer 15. No answer 18. No answer 21. No answer 22. No answer 23. No answer 24. No answer 25. No answer 26. No answer No answer
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HOW THE PLANTS FEED THEMSELVES?

• Plants are producing sugar (food) in the process
  of photosynthesis.
• Sugar is deposited or they use it as food.
• Sugar at the presence of oxygen decompose and so
  they get the energy
• for all life processes and CO2 and water
• 5. Plants feed themselves with the help of the
  root system they absorb
• nutritious substances (also water) which they get
  in the soil.
• They get food also with the photosynthesis in
  which the glucose is produced.
• 6. Plants absorb food (inorganic) through roots,
  from CO2 and water sugar is produced
• 7. in the process of photosynthesis
• 8. Plants can have roots. Through roots water
  with dissolved substance is coming
• from the surrounding. This is transported through
  veins into the lives where
• photosynthesis is processing (Chlorophyll, sun
  light, water CO2 food)
• 9. With the help of photosynthesis they produce
  sugar-glucose in the leaves

photosynthesis
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14. Photosynthesis(sunlight, water, chlorophyll,
CO2 and water) 15. Photosynthesis (sunlight,
water, chlorophyll, CO2 and water) 16.Photosynth
esis 17. Photosynthesis 18. Photosynthesis 19.
Photosynthesis (glucose is food) 20.
Photosynthesis (sunlight, water, chlorophyll, CO2
and water). Sun light energy is transformed into
chemical energy 21. Photosynthesis (sunlight,
water, chlorophyll, CO2 and water) 22.
Photosynthesis (glucose is food) 23.
Photosynthesis (in process of breathing the
energy is released) 24. Photosynthesis
(sunlight, water, chlorophyll, CO2 and
water) 25. Photosynthesis 26. Photosynthesis
photosynthesis
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2. From the roots they pump water and minerals 3. Plants pump food with the roots. Some food they produce by themselves 4. They use solved substances in water, from the soil they pump minerals and other nutritious substances. The whole process is connected with the transport of the liquid (water) through the veins. Roots (surrounding)
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LIST OF CONCEPTS CONNECTED WITH PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Plant, parts of the plants Substance energy process other
Floem Chlorophyll grain Chloroplast Xylem Leaf Green parts some words from the text books Leaf blade Leaf veins Leaf stromata Roots stem phloem sieve tube CO 2 Glucose Food Chlorophyll Minerals Oxygen Sugar Starch Wather Some words from the textbooks New substances Proteins Fats Minerals Rudninske snovi Air Organic substances Nutritious substances Leaf green Cellulose soil Colour spectrum Photon Sun Light some words from the textbooks Energy Day during the day heat Sleeping some words from the textbooks Exchange of the substances Growing Usage Releasing Energy is bounded Cell breathing breathing producers
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Trigging the discussion
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How the plants feed themselves, how the plants
breath ? Experiments from the history of science
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Jan Baptista van Helmont1580-1644
The experiment with the willow tree published in
Ortus Medicinae 1648 After 5 years the plant was
bigger and havier- the plant arose out of water
only
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John Woodward1665-1728
The experiment that water is the nutrient was
rejected New hypotesis most of the water that
plant sucked in is drawn off through the pores of
the leaves and mixed with the surrounding air
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Joseph Priestley 1733- 1804
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Jan Ingen- Housz(1730-1799)
Hypotesis in the darkness plats behave like
animals, they breath and use air. In order to
renew air, plants need light
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POSTER PRESENTATION Designing the experiment that
plants are breathing and producing
oxygen Biology Teachers
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Experiment that plants are breathing and
producing oxygen
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With Astra sp.
The candel was burning 6 min
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Afret one week candel was burning only few seconds
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With Elodea canadensis
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Elodea canadensis
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