Chapter 8 sec. 4

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Chapter 8 sec. 4

• Ideas for Reform

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The New York Charity Organization Society

• Tried to turn Charity into a scientific enterprise

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The Social Gospel

• A movement that sought to apply the teachings of
  Jesus directly to society.
• The real beginning of the What would Jesus do?
  (WWJD) movement.

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Settlement Houses

• Young reformers settled in a house in the midst
  of a poor neighborhood and formed a community
  center and offered social services.
• Jane Addams Ellen Gates Starr founded the most
  famous settlement house, the Hull House in
  Chicago.

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Sociology

• Was the scientific counterpart to the settlement
  houses practical experience.
• Studied cultures around the world to learn what
  institutions and practices define a society.
• Studies social or group behavior.

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Nativism

• The policy or attitude of favoring native-born
  Americans over immigrants.
• Many Americans blamed the new immigrants for
  the problems in the cities.
• Nativism began to reappear in the 1880s partially
  because of the rise of immigrants to positions of
  power in the cities.

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American Protective Association

• Nativist group founded in 1887, targeted
  immigrants as well as the Catholic Church.
• Called for the teaching of only American culture
  and the English language in schools.
• Demanded tighter rules on citizenship and
  employment of aliens.
• Members took an oath to hire and vote only for
  Protestants.

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More on Nativism

• In 1885, Congress repealed the Contract Labor Act
  which had allowed employers to recruit foreign
  laborers.
• When employers brought in foreigners to replace
  striking workers it increased nativist feelings
  among laborers.
• Southern and eastern Europeans were more likely
  victims of nativism than other European
  immigrants.
• They tended to be victims of nativist attitudes
  because they were more often Catholic or Jewish.

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The Temperance Movement

• An organized campaign to eliminate alcohol
  consumption.
• Supported prohibition or a ban on the manufacture
  and sale of alcoholic beverages.
• Also opposed drinking because they saw links
  between saloons, immigrants, and political bosses.

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Vice and Purity crusades

• Drugs, gambling, and prostitution were forms of
  Vice.
• Large cities made vice more profitable.
• Purity Crusades were efforts to suppress vice
  in cities.
• The Comstock Law prohibited sending obscene
  materials through the U.S. mail.
• Birth control methods were considered obscene
  under the Comstock law.
• By campaigning on an anti-vice platform a
  coalition of purity crusaders and other reformers
  were sometimes able to get machine candidates out
  of office.