Roots of the Holocaust

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Roots of the Holocaust
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The Holocaust

• The systematic slaughter of not only 6 million
  Jews, but also 5 million others, approximately 11
  million individuals wiped off the Earth by the
  Nazi regime and its collaborators.

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Holocaust (holocaust) n -    1. Great
destruction resulting in the extensive loss of
life, especially by fire 2. Greek word that
means burnt whole or consumed by fire
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Europe After WWI
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Anti -Semitism This is the term given to
political, social and economic agitation against
Jews. In simple terms it means Hatred of Jews.
Aryan Race This was the name of what Hitler
believed was the perfect race. These were people
with full German blood, blonde hair and blue eyes.
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Conditions in Germany at the end of WWI

• Germany was a defeated nation
• Peace Treaty requirements
• Stock Market Crash
• Nazis and Germans are not the same
• Nazi Party
• German citizens

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Adolf Hitler
courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives
Photo credit USHMM Photo Archives
Photo credit National Archives, courtesy of
USHMM Photo Archives
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Rise of the Nazi Party

• Hitlers Promises
• Better life
• Germany great nation
• Racial purity

courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives
Hitler Youth Parade Hitler Youth march through
Nuremberg, Germany past Nazi officials.
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• The Nuremberg Laws

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1933-1939

• In 1933, Jews were publicly blamed for Germanys
  problems
• The "Nuremberg Laws" proclaimed Jews second-class
  citizens, based on that of a person's
  grandparents, not that person's beliefs or
  identity.

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You have no right to live among us as Jews.
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You have no right to live among us.
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You have no right to live !
Photo credit Leopold Page Photographic
Collection
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Discrimination

• Jews were forced to wear the Star of David on
  their clothing to identify themselves as Jews.
• They were discriminated in employment, schools,
  and many businesses would not allow them to
  enter.

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BADGES OF HATE
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Ghetto Star
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Kristallnacht
Night Of Broken Glass
Photo credits Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart,
courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives
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Kristallnacht Night of broken glass

• On November 10 1938, the Kristallnacht took
  place, in which Jewish buildings were destroyed,
  and Jewish men were arrested and murdered.
• This was the start of Nazi violence against Jews
  in Germany and Poland.

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Jewish Store after Kristallnacht
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Other Groups

• Jews were not the only people targeted for
  extermination by the Nazis
• Gypsies
• African-Germans
• Homosexuals
• Athiests
• Physically and Mentally Disabled

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The Ghettos

• Starting in 1933, Nazi officials forced Jewish
  citizens into ghettos in order to control the
  Jewish populations
• The ghettos were usually in the poorest areas of
  a city, were dirty, frequently had no running
  water, or heat.
• The largest ghettos were in Warsaw and Krakow
  Poland

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Liquidation of the Ghetto 1943
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People being resettled to Concentration Camps
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Concentration Camp Children, shortly before their
execution
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• After WWII started in 1939, the ghettoes in
  Poland and Germany were slowly emptied out- the
  populations were sent to concentration camps.
• There were two types of basic camps
• Work Camps
• Death Camps

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Map of Concentration Camps
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Concentration Camps

• The first concentration camp opened in January
  1933, when the Nazis came to power, and continued
  to run until the end of the war and the Third
  Reich May 8, 1945.
• The camps were run by the S.S., Hitlers elite
  squad of troops.

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• The most infamous of the concentration camps were
  Auschwitz and Dachau.
• Dachau was the model for all other concentration
  camps, it opened in 1933.
• Auschwitz was the largest and most deadly of the
  camps.
• Between the two camps, millions of people were
  killed, and disposed of by the Nazis

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• The concentration camps followed Hitlers Plan of
  the Final Solution to exterminate all Jews
  from Europe.
• The camps used poison gas, crematoriums, and mass
  shootings to execute hundreds at a time

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Part of a stockpile of Zyklon-B poison gas
pellets found at Majdanek death camp.
Before poison gas was used , Jews were gassed in
mobile gas vans. Carbon monoxide gas from the
engines exhaust was fed into the sealed rear
compartment. Victims were dead by the time they
reached the burial site.
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Portrait of two-year-old Mania Halef, a Jewish
child who was among the 33,771 persons shot by
the SS during the mass executions at Babi Yar,
September, 1941.
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Nazis sift through a huge pile of clothes left by
victims of the massacre. Two year old Mani
Halefs clothes are somewhere amongst these.
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Bales of hair shaven from women at Auschwitz,
used to make felt-yarn.
After liberation, an Allied soldier displays a
stash of gold wedding rings taken from victims at
Buchenwald.
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Even the very young
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Photo credit German National Archives
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In 1943, when the number of murdered Jews
exceeded 1 million. Nazis ordered the bodies of
those buried to be dug up and burned to destroy
all traces.
Soviet POWs at forced labor in 1943 exhuming
bodies in the ravine at Babi Yar, where the Nazis
had murdered over 33,000 Jews in September of
1941.
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Pile of Shoes from the Dead
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At Auschwitz, men, women and children were
tortured and subject to experiments
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Auschwitz Crematorium
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Camp Survivors
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Villains- Nazi Leaders
Heinrich Himmler Head of the Gestapo/ S.S. In charge of concentration Camps Joseph Goebbels Chief of Propaganda Hermann Goering Head of the Luftwaffe, Hitlers Successor Adolf Eichmann Head of Jewish Affairs. In charge of Jewish Deportation
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Heroes

• There were people who tried to help Jews despite
  the danger of being arrested or shot.
• Men like Raoul Wallenberg and Oskar Schindler
  saved thousands of people.

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Oskar Schindler and friends
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1945

• As Allied forces pushed German troops back into
  German territory, Nazis increased their
  executions.
• When the camps were freed by American and Russian
  troops, mass graves were discovered.

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Percentage of Jews killed in each country
AUSTRIA 35
POLAND 91
USSR 36
NORWAY 45
BELGIUM 45
LUXEMBOURG 55
ESTONIA 44
ROMANIA 84
A Total of 6,000,000 Jews
HUNGARY 74
YUGOSLAVIA 81
BOHEMIA 60
LATVIA 84
NETHERLANDS 71
LITHUANIA 85
GERMANY 36
FRANCE 22
GREECE 87