What is genocide?

1
What is genocide?

• acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole
  or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or
  religious group

2
Whats the time period of the Holocaust?

• 1933-1945

3
What levels of German society were most drawn to
Hitler and the Nazi Party?

• The Nazis appealed especially to the unemployed,
  young people, and members of the lower middle
  class (small store owners, office employees,
  craftsmen, and farmers).

4
What was Hitlers term for the master race?

• Aryan

5
Describe this type of person.

• blond, blue-eyed, and tall

6
What types of German citizens were victims of the
Nazi Party?

• Roma (Gypsies), an ethnic minority numbering
  about 30,000 in Germany
• handicapped individuals, including the mentally
  ill and people born deaf and blind
• about 500 African-German children, the offspring
  of German mothers and African colonial soldiers
  in the Allied armies that occupied the German
  Rhineland region after World War I
• Jews

7
What does Anti-Semitism mean?

• the prejudice, discrimination and hatred of Jews
  as a national, ethnic, religious or racial group

8
When did Anti-Semitism begin?

• Nearly two thousand years ago

9
What other nations treated Jews as scapegoats?

• Spain
• Russia
• Poland
• Austria

10
According to the Nuremberg Laws of 1935, how did
the German government decide if someone was
Jewish?

• anyone who had three or four Jewish grandparents
  was defined as a Jew, regardless of whether that
  individual identified himself or herself as a Jew
  or belonged to the Jewish religious community

11
What did the German government require of Jews in
German society?

• Jews were required to carry identity cards, but
  the government added special identifying marks to
  theirs a red "J" stamped on them and new middle
  names for all those Jews who did not possess
  recognizably "Jewish" first names -- "Israel" for
  males, "Sara" for females.

12
What happened on November 9, 1938?

• Violence against Jews broke out across the Reich
• In two days, over 250 synagogues were burned,
  over 7,000 Jewish businesses were trashed and
  looted, dozens of Jewish people were killed, and
  Jewish cemeteries, hospitals, schools, and homes
  were looted while police and fire brigades stood
  by.

13
The pogroms became known as Kristallnacht, the
"Night of Broken Glass," for the shattered glass
from the store windows that littered the streets.

• Pogrom is a Russian word designating an attack,
  accompanied by destruction, looting of property,
  murder, and rape, perpetrated by one section of
  the population against another.

14
What countries accepted the most Jewish refugees?

• United States 90,000
• Palestine 60,000
• France 38,000
• Belgium 30,000
• Netherlands 30,000

15
Why didnt the US allow entrance to more refugees
before WWII?

• In the midst of the Great Depression, many
  Americans believed that refugees would compete
  with them for jobs and overburden social programs
  set up to assist the needy.
• Widespread racial prejudices among Americans
  including antisemitic attitudes held by the US
  State Department officials played a part in the
  failure to admit more refugees.

16
What was the goal of the Final Solution?

• a comprehensive plan to concentrate and
  eventually annihilate all European Jews

17
How many ghettos existed in German-occupied
territories?

• The Germans established at least 1,000 ghettos in
  German-occupied and annexed Poland and the Soviet
  Union alone.

18
Describe the largest ghetto.

• The largest ghetto in Poland was the Warsaw
  ghetto, where more than 400,000 Jews were crowded
  into an area of 1.3 square miles.

19

• Describe the picture and say how people are
  treated.

20
Describe how conditions worsened.

• The Nazis will not even allow the prisoners to
  remove the waste and sewage. Lice have infested
  the ghetto and a typhus epidemic plagues the
  prisoners.

21
What does Abe do? Where does he go? Why?

• With Garfingals help, Abe bribes a guard, tells
  his family good-bye, and successfully escapes.
  He and Garfingal walk to nearby Krosniewice
  because it has an open ghetto so there is some
  freedom to come and go during the day.

22
What were the first Nazi concentration camps?

• Dachau (1933)
• Chelmno (1941)
• Auschwitz-Birkenau (1942)
• Treblinka (1942)
• Belzec (1942)
• Sobibór (1942)
• Majdanek-Lublin (1942)

23
What was the primary purpose of these camps?

• the methodical killing of millions of innocent
  people

24
Describe what happened to most workers.

• Prisoners in all the concentration camps were
  literally worked to death.

25
What happened at most of these camps?

• Most of the deportees were immediately murdered
  in large groups by poisonous gas.

26
Why were people forced to go on death marches?

• Near the end of the war, when Germany's military
  force was collapsing, the Allied armies closed in
  on the Nazi concentration camps. The Germans
  began frantically to move the prisoners out of
  the camps near the front and take them to be used
  as forced laborers in camps inside Germany.
  Prisoners were first taken by train and then by
  foot on "death marches."

27

• Create your own caption for this photo. What is
  the family doing and where are they going?

28
When the Soviet soldiers liberated Auschwitz
Death Camp, how many shoes did they find?

• tens of thousands of pairs of shoes

29
Describe the hardships survivors had to face.

• Jewish communities no longer existed in much of
  Europe.
• When people tried to return to their homes from
  camps or hiding places, they found that, in many
  cases, their homes had been looted or taken over
  by others.

30
- continued

• Returning home was also dangerous. After the war,
  anti-Jewish riots broke out in several Polish
  cities.
• Many survivors ended up in displaced persons'
  (DP) camps set up in western Europe under Allied
  military occupation at the sites of former
  concentration camps .
• There they waited to be admitted to places like
  the United States, South Africa, or Palestine. At
  first, many countries continued their old
  immigration policies, which greatly limited the
  number of refugees they would accept.

31
A Survivors Prayerby Malka B

• I have lived dear G-d in a world gone mad and
  I have seen evil unleashed beyond reason or
  understanding.
• I was with them. We drank from the same bitter
  cup.
• I hid with them Feared with them, Struggled
  with them And when the killing was finally done
  I had survived while millions had died. I do
  not know why.
• I have asked many questions for which there are
  no answers And I have even cursed my life
  thinking I could not endure the pain.

• But a flame inside refused to die. I could not
  throw away What had been ripped away from so
  many.
• In the end I had to choose life. I had to
  struggle to cross the bridge between the dead
  and the living. I had to rebuild what had been
  destroyed. I had to deny death Another victory.
• Summarize what its about in a few sentences.

32
If you were going to teach others about the
importance of studying the Holocaust, what would
you include?