Christian History of Jerusalem

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Christian History of Jerusalem

• Most Sacred place on earth for Christians
• Church of the Holy Sepulcher, built by
  Constantines mother
• Place of the crucifixion of Jesus
• Burial place of Jesus
• Jerusalem had been in Christian Hands for 300
  years.

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Holy Sepulcher Church
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Roman Catholicvs.Eastern Orthodox

• East and West had a difference of opinion and
  caused a religious split
• Roman Catholics follow the Pope
• Eastern Orthodoxcorrect belief and does not
  follow the Pope, but the Emperor of Byzantine who
  was considered divinely inspired and therefore,
  never wrong

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Justinian

• Byzantine Emperor from 527-565 A.D.
• Tried to re-conquer Roman Empire to the West
• Had laws simplified and written down (Justinian
  Code)
• Massive building program in Constantinople
• Justinian Code and building program had
  long-lasting positive effects
• Wars for the West wasted lots of money and lost
  many men

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Muslim History of Jerusalem

• Most sacred place on earth for the Muslims
• Place of the ascension of Mohammad into paradise
• Rock of ascension found in 637 A.D. covered in
  garbage and dung made Muslims furious
• Muslims swore they would slain Christians on
  this spot for disrespect

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Key Muslim Terms

• Islam
• Muslim
• Koran
• Mecca
• 5 Pillars
• Jihad

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Islam Muslim

• Islam surrender to God
• Muslim the surrendering ones

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The Koran

• The book of Mohammads words written down after
  his death
• Written in Arabic and ONLY Arabic version
  considered to be word of God
• Arabic is the ONLY language used in Muslim worship

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The Koran
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Mecca

• City on Saudi Arabia
• Birthplace of Mohammad in 570 A.D.

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5 Pillars of Islam

• Faith
• Prayer
• Alms
• Fasting
• Pilgrimage

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Faith

• Must make this statement,
• I testify there is no god but God, and Muhammad
  is his prophet.

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Prayer

• Must pray 5 times a day.
• Remove shoes
• Turn to Mecca
• Kneel with forehead on the ground
• Recite a formal prayer

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Alms

• Must give a portion of wealth to help the needy
• Same idea as Tithing (as practiced in the
  Christian and Jewish faiths)

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Fasting

• During month of Ramadan, followers expected to
  fast from sunrise to sunset.
• Then a family dinner would occur at sunset.

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Pilgrimage

• Once in a lifetime, those who could afford to,
  were expected to make a pilgrimage to Mecca.

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Jihad

• War for God is just
• If killed during a Jihad, you receive immediate
  entry to paradise

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Holy Wars
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Arab Rule

• Arab Rulers were tolerant
• All non-Muslims had 3 choices
• Convert to Islam
• Pay a reasonable tax
• Die

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2 Class System

• Mohammad preached that ALL Muslims were equal,
  but
• A 2 class system emerged
• Upper Class Arab Muslims
• Lower Class non-Arab Muslims
• Christians and Jews ranked below both, but not
  treated too differently b/c they were monotheists

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Judaism 2000 B.C. Christianity 33 A.D. Islam 632 A.D.
God God God
Abraham, Moses Abraham, Moses, Jesus Abraham, Moses, Jesus, Mohammad
Torah Old Testament Bible Old and New Testaments Koran (Quran) Bible and book of Mohammad
Synagogue No after life Church Heaven Mosque Paradise