Judicial branch of the U.S. government

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Judicial branch of the U.S. government

• Role of the Court System

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UEQ and LEQ

• UEQ Where does the Supreme Court derive its
  power from? How does the Supreme Court
  effectively use its power?
• LEQ What is the purpose of having a court system
  with different courts? How do criminal cases
  differ from civil cases?

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Vocabulary

• Plaintiff
• Defendant
• Prosecution
• Precedent
• Original Jurisdiction
• Appeal
• Appellate Jurisdiction

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5 minute mental notes

• Lets see what you already know.
• Individually take the next five minutes and write
  down as many things that you can about courts,
  judges, juries, or even crimes (types,
  punishments, etc.) basically everything you know
  about the justice system.
• Brainstorming With the other members of your
  group, read off your notes, once all members are
  finished, as a group come up with a statement
  that answers this question, Why do crimes exist
  and how do courts deal with crimes?

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Federal Court system

• The Judicial Branch contains the U.S. Supreme
  Court and over 100 other courts, plus hundreds of
  smaller courts.
• Judges in any court are apart of the government,
  however they are nearly free from government
  control.
• Judicial Branch Courts

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Courts Main Job

• When happens when an accident occurs?
• Grandmother VS. Mercedes Benz
• Orwhat happens when there is a dispute (fight)
  or a crime is committed?
• Student Disputes
• Seriously though Nanny Abuse

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Main job continued

• All courts solve legal conflicts, they apply the
  laws to the conflicts and determine punishments.
• Courts solve two case types
• Criminal Cases- person breaks a law, court
  determines punishment.
• Civil Cases- people disagree, court determines
  settlement.

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Criminal case Hacking
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Civil case trespassing
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Parties in a civil court case

• plaintiff

• defendant

• Person or group that bring a complaint to court
  against another person or group.

• Person or group that the complaint is about and
  that defends their side.

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Suing santa claus civil court case

• Imagine that Santas reindeer get tired of
  hauling him around year after year. Their job
  security is not good, pay is low, food is stale
  and rotten, and living conditions are horrible,
  so the nine reindeer decide to sue Santa.
• The case would be titled Reindeer v. Santa
• The plaintiffs name is always listed first, the
  defendants name is listed second. (Always)

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Or imaginetheft civil court case
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Parties in a criminal court case

• Prosecution

• defendant

• Government body that brings a charge against a
  person or group who broke a law.
• A.K.A The People
• Represented by a lawyer called a prosecutor.

• Person or group that answer a charge.
• Usually an arrested criminal or arrested group
  that are brought to trial from prison or jail.
• Represented by a lawyer.

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People of the state of california v. Simpson

• In 1994, then hall of famer OJ Simpson supposedly
  killed his former wife Nicole Simpson and her
  friend Ronald Goldman.
• Due to the mishandling of evidence by police and
  falsified claims, after nearly two years in
  court, Simpson is found not guilty.
• However, in 1997 a civil case is brought
• against Simpson, he is found guilty, and
• required to pay both families 60 million.
• 1995 Simpson Trial
• Breakdown of the Case

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Members of the Court Judge

• Applies the law to the case and the problem.
• Remains neutral and cannot take sides.
• Judge Judy
• Clip Questions
• With TV courts, do you think judges take sides???
• With TV courts, in your opinion do you think
  judges are actually breaking the law???
• The PEOPLE'S Court

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Members of the court jury

• Most criminal cases require a jury.
• A jury must be of mixed ages and races.
• (What amendment gives you the right to a jury?)
• Why?
• Right guaranteed by the Constitution.
• Illegal to do this in a jury
• Sequestered Jury
• Impossible jury to win against Homer v. The
  Devil

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A one sided juryis it illegal???
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Civil rights era jury
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Going through the minds of a jury
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Interpreting the law

• Gun Control Laws Do they mean control or ban all
  guns???
• All courts must decide what a law means and
  how/can it be used in only one case or multiple
  cases.
• Once a court decides on how to use a law and
  decides a case, the court sets precedent.
• Guideline for how all future similar cases should
  be decided.
• Example In Brown v. Board of Education, the
  Supreme Court said and made segregation illegal,
  all future laws that segregated were made illegal.

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Law Books and codes today
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Compare and contrast State and federal courts

• Using the graphic organizer that I have given you
  and pages 269-270 in your textbook, fill in the
  graphic organizer so that you can see how state
  and federal courts are similar but different.
• On the back of the graphic organizer or somewhere
  in your notes, list the steps for the appeal
  process of a court case. The information on the
  appeal process is mixed in between pages 269 and
  270, begins under jurisdiction.

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Two kinds of courts

• State courts

• Federal courts

• Most cases begin here.
• Multi-purpose courts. (traffic court, juvenile
  court)
• Have original jurisdiction- can hear a case
  first.
• Usually only have a judge but can have a jury
  present.

• Decisions in cases can affect the country for
  years.
• If a case is decided, a person can appeal- ask a
  higher federal court to look at the case.
• Have appellate jurisdiction- authority to hear an
  appeal.
• Hear cases beyond state authority.
• Appealing a Court Case

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Differences appeal court and regular court

• In an appeal court, no trial is held, the court
  only reviews the case.
• Determines if the law was used and applied
  fairly.
• After determination, two things can be done
• Decision of lower court is upheld.
• Decision of lower court is reversed.
• Your Opinion If a new case is held, wouldnt
  this still be considered double jeopardy???
• Case can continue to be appealed until it reaches
  the state supreme court. (final court)

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Law and Court case review (20 points)

• In St. Louis County, Missouri, a judge ruled that
  the county could keep people under the age of 17
  from buying, renting, or playing violent video
  games without parental consent. The Interactive
  Software Association argued that video games have
  First Amendment protection, just like movies and
  books. However, the judge would later rule that
  video games are not a form of speech protected by
  the First Amendment.
• What constitutional right is at stake here?
• Can video games be considered a form of
  expression like books and movies? How So/How Not
  So? Explain.
• Do you think people under 18 should be restricted
  from playing violent video games? Why/Why Not?
  Give an example and explain.
• Which group in the case could appeal the
  decision? What kind of decision do you think the
  appeal court could make?