HISTORY PAPER 1

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HISTORY PAPER 1 what to revise Crime,
punishment and protest
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CRIME AND PUNISHMENT (1 hour)
Spend 5-10 minutes reading all the questions and
thinking. Where there is a choice, decide which
question you are going to answer. The last
question carries the most marks maybe you should
do it first. For each question, spend about 5
minutes planning. Then write for about the same
number of minutes as the marks. (e.g. if a
question carries 5 marks, write for about 5
minutes.)
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You will get a few sources. The first question
will ask you what the sources tell you. Then
there will be some questions to test your
knowledge about Crime and Punishment.Spend just
over half an hour on these questions. Always plan
your answers..
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CHANGE OVER TIME is at the heart of the Crime and
Punishment section.

• When revising, ask yourself..
• How has crime changed between 1500 and now and
  why?
• How has punishment changed and why?
• How have policing and law enforcement changed and
  why?

• What were crime, punishment and policing like?
  How and why were they changing?
• In 1500 (the end of the Middle Ages with towns
  beginning to grow)
• In 1800 (the beginnings of the Industrial
  Revolution)
• In 1900
• In 1960
• In 2000

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1450-1750 The Bloody Code

• Until then whipping, hanging, stocks, pillory,
  burnings, judges, juries, magistrates,
  constables, watchmen.
• BLOODY CODE death penalty for most crimes

• Fear of crimes stirred up by broadsheets, belief
  crime was rising
• Rich wanting to control poor and prevent
  revolution
• To deter people from committing crimes
• Belief that criminals couldnt change get rid
  of them
• Lawmakers and voters were all rich
• Population rising and towns growing

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1450-1750 new crimes

• POACHING
• Enclosing of land by rich farmers poor people
  stole rabbits, pheasants etc death penalty or
  fines
• VAGRANTS, VAGABONDS
• Unemployment, population rise, wars
• Parishes did not want vagrants from other places
• Sturdy beggars faked illness and injury
• Punishment kept changing

• HIGHWAYMEN
• Better roads and coach travel, more rich people,
  no banks, dark roads
• SMUGGLING
• To avoid taxation on goods like wine, tea, sugar
• Smugglers were often popular got away with it
  often
• Armed customs officers

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1750-1900 transportation

• To America, then Australia,
• To defend Australia from French
• To take over the land
• To reduce crime by getting rid of criminals
• Because prisons (hulks) were getting full
• Death penalty wasnt working

• Many convicts settled down in Australia and
  changed (Valentine Marshall)
• Some died on the journey or the early years
• Some returned to Britain later

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1750-1900abolition of the Bloody Code

• Sir Samuel Romilly
• Juries often didnt want to sentence people to
  death
• People enjoyed public executions
• Attitudes to crime and criminals were changing

• Other punishments like transportation and prisons
• Some started to believe criminals could be
  reformed

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1750-1900 prisons

• Old prisons were crowded, dirty and breeding
  places for crime
• New prisons (Elizabeth Fry, John Howard)
  planned, oragnised, big, clean

• Sexes separated
• Prisoners sometimes separated and silent
• Prison work pointless work (crank, treadmill,
  picking oakum) OR useful work (e.g. making sacks,
  clothes etc)

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1750-1900 police

• BEFORE there were hue and cry, constables,
  watchmen, thieftakers etc
• Also mounted patrols, river police, Bow Street
  Runners
• 1829 Sir Robert Peel brought in Metropolitan
  Police

• 1820s-50s spread to all of Britain
• People wanted police and were ready to pay tax
• Police became more popular and more organised
  e.g. detectives, photography, new technology

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20th century crime
20th century policing

• Main crime still theft
• New crimes computer and car crime
• Rise in juvenile crime
• Changing attitudes e.g. to drugs, tobacco, alcohol

• New technology cars. Computers, forensics,
  fingerprinting, DNA, CCTV
• New special forces for drugs, terrorism, fraud
  etc
• Women police

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20th centurypunishment

• Main punishment still prisons
• Early 20th century prisons got kinder
• Later 20th century prisons got tougher again and
  many more prisons built

• Other punishments like fines, community service
• Probation service
• Prisons for mentally ill
• Open prisons
• Death penalty abolished 1965

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Plan your answer

• Timing 5 mins planning, same minutes as marks
• Main ideas
• Evidence
• Main argument
• Order

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Do
Do not

• make a plan before you write.

• copy from the sources without comment

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Developed statements

• Stick to what the question asks
• Use evidence from what you know
• Explain what you mean
• Make links, see connections.

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Sustained argument

• Think and plan first
• Work out what your argument/viewpoint is
• Back it up with carefully chosen evidence
• Present it logically with an introduction and
  conclusion
• Go deep into analysis but write clearly and
  concisely. Dont repeat yourself.
• Leave the reader with something to think about.

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Nearly finished!

• 110 minutes used up.
• 10 minutes left to read through and check
• spelling
• punctuation
• what you have written.

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Paper 2 1 hour 45 minutesSource analysis

• You will have a lot of sources and about 5
  questions about the sources. Some of the
  questions will also ask for your own knowledge.
• The set topics are
• Dealing with smugglers.
• The development of the professional police force
• The work of Robert Peel policing, prisons and
  penal code.

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REMEMBER

• Spend time (up to 15 minutes) reading all the
  sources and questions.
• Give yourself enough time to answer the questions
  that carry the most marks.
• Make sure you really understand the questions.
• Plan all your answers.

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When answering..

• Plan
• DONT copy out long passages from the sources
• Remember about
• the origins of a source
• (5 Ws who? what? when? where? why?)
• what you can infer
• reliability and bias
• usefulness / value of a source