Global History

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Hinduism Indias 1 religion

• The Aryans were a group of Indo-European people
  that moved from the dry grasslands of western
  Asia (the steppes), into what is now India
  starting about 1700 BCE and captured the land and
  people of the Indus Valley. Archaeology tells
  almost nothing about the Aryans. But their
  sacred literature, the Vedas, tells a lot about
  them.
• The Aryans were divided into classes of people.
  Over time, they made many rules for how people in
  these classes, or castes, could interact with one
  another. People were born into their caste for
  life. These castes were initially determined by
  varna literally, color. The Aryans were light
  skinned, and comprised the upper castes, while
  the native peoples found in India were darker
  skinned, and made up the lowest caste

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Caste System
The upper three classes consisted of Aryan people
while the bottom two were the local native Indian
people.
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The Aryans were a group of Indo-European people
that moved from the steppes into what is now
India.
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Untouchables

• Some impure people lived in a group outside
  this class system. (ie. They were out-castes.)
  They were butchers, grave diggers, and trash
  collectors. Because they did work that was
  thought unclean, they were called untouchables.

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The Caste System social class system

• 1. The caste system is the traditional hereditary
  social class system that affected every aspect of
  their life their job, their status, who they
  could marry, and even who they could talk to.
• 2. Hindus are born into their caste and could not
  get out until their death
• 3. There was no SOCIAL MOBILITY could not move
  up in social class!

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Basic Hindu Beliefs
1. The Gods a. Brahman the Creator b.
Vishnu the Preserver c. Shiva the
Destroyer 2. Reincarnation the soul never
dies, it is re-born and goes through many lives
until it can unite with Brahma
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Hindu Beliefs continued

• 3. Karma a persons behavior in life determines
  their caste in the next life
• 4. Dharma Your DUTIES in life to family and
  caste, do your job well!

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Hindu Beliefs continued

• 5. Cremation Burn body to release soul for next
  life

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Sacred Objects

• Cows Hindus refuse to eat beef ,they roam
  freely
• Ganges River Holy river believed to wash away
  evil
• Today 85 of all Indian people are Hindu

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From Hinduism Comes Buddhism
Around 528 BCE another new religion, Buddhism,
arose in India. It was started by Siddhartha
Gautama, a prince. The founder, Siddhartha
Gautama, has many legends and stories that have
surrounded his life. While we can't be certain
which of these stories and legends are true, we
do know that the basic historical outlines of his
life are accurate.
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Beginnings of Buddhism

• He was the chief's son of a tribal group, so he
  was born a Kshatriya (Warrior class) around 566
  BC.
• At the age of 29, he left his family in order to
  lead a simple life.
• A few years later he returned with a number of
  followers followers that devoted their lives to
  "The Middle Way, a lifestyle that is midway
  between a completely simple lifestyle and one
  that is full of materialistic goods.
• Siddhartha searched for a way that would allow
  him to escape the suffering of human life. He
  spent many years searching for this answer. He
  was looking for enlightenment, or wisdom.
• Finally, he sat down and meditated under a tree.
  After 49 days, he had his answer. He was now
  called the Buddha, which means enlightened one.
  The Buddha began to teach others how to attain
  enlightenment.

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Following the path led to Nirvana
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Buddhist Beliefs

• The Four Noble Truths
• Suffering is universal everyone suffers
• Cause of suffering is DESIRE
• If you end your desires suffering will end
  (necessary to reach NIRVANA- a release from
  selfishness and pain.)
• Follow the EIGHTFOLD PATH

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How to become enlightened

• Buddhists were to follow a plan of behavior
  called the Eightfold Path
• right views,
• right resolve,
• right speech,
• right conduct,
• right livelihood,
• right effort,
• right mindfulness, and
• right concentration.
• This would lead to nirvana, or a release from
  selfishness and pain.

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Other Buddhist Beliefs

• 1. Believed in KARMA and DHARMA and REINCARNATION
  
• 2. REJECTED THE CASTE SYSTEM felt it was not
  fair, unjust!!
• Not by birth does one become an outcast, not by
  birth does one become a Brahmin. By DEEDS one
  becomes an outcast, by DEEDS one becomes a
  Brahmin Buddha

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Spread of Buddhism

• Buddhism spread from India to China and other
  parts of the world along the SILK ROAD
• The sharing of religion is an excellent example
  of cultural diffusion.

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India first Empires

• Maurya Gupta

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The Maurya Empire

• In 321 BCE, the founder and eventual King of the
  Maurya Empire, Chandragupta Maurya used his army
  to defeat powerful kings in eastern and northern
  India.
• By 305 BCE, he began to challenge for Alexander
  the Greats western territories in India, and by
  300 BCE, for the first time, northeastern and
  northwestern India were joined under the rule of
  one person.
• Chandragupta was a harsh ruler. He charged a
  heavy tax on farmers one-half of the crop they
  grew each year. He used this wealth to build a
  huge army. He controlled his government by
  carefully choosing officials and watching them
  closely

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The Maurya Empire

• In 269 BCE, Chandraguptas grandson, Asoka, took
  the throne. He brought the Mauryan Empire to its
  greatest height. At first he was a warlike king
  but then he decided to accept the teachings of
  the Buddha.
• Asoka promised to rule in a fair and just way.
• He issued laws that urged his subjects to avoid
  violence.
• He urged religious toleration. This is
  acceptance of peoples rights to differing
  religious beliefs.
• He made great roads so that people could travel
  easily.
• Asoka is also known as the lawgiver because he
  carved the laws into stone pillars which were
  placed in the center of towns.

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Some of the Pillars of Asoka
Sanskrit Language
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The Gupta Empire

• Soon after Asoka died, however, his empire
  collapsed.
• Around 320 AD, Chandra Gupta I came to power in
  the north. He was not related to the first
  emperor Chandragupta Maurya of the Maurya Empire
  , but he too took the title of king and began to
  conquer other areas in the name of the Gupta
  Empire.

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The Gupta Golden Age

• Added western coast to empire
• religion
• science
• Flourishing of arts

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Gupta Achievements
1000 diseasesclassified
500 healingplants identified
Printedmedicinal guides
Kalidasa
Literature
Medicine
PlasticSurgery
GuptaIndia
Inoculations
C-sectionsperformed
SolarCalendar
Astronomy
Mathematics
DecimalSystem
The earthis round
PI 3.1416
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