JAPAN

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JAPAN
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JAPAN
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Geography

• Four major islands
• -Hokkaido-north
• -Honshu-main island
• -Shikoku-southeast
• -Kyushu-southernmost of the main islands
• Archipelago A chain of consecutive
• Islands. Japan is a mountainous
• archipelago.

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Geography

• Negative
• Not enough land for
• farming
• Volcanoes
• Tsunamis
• Underwater
• earthquake

• Positive
• Less chance of being
• Invaded
• Inland waterway,
• communication
• Seafaring nation

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Japan Early History

• Account of the Three Kingdoms
• --297 A.D. Wei Zhi
• --Chinas view a law abiding people
• who depended on agriculture and
• fishing.
• --Wadwarf, Chinas name for Japan

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Japan Early History

• -5th Century Tribal Society
• -Uji/Clansruled by hereditary chiefs
• and worshipping the clans ancestor
• -Yamato Clanunified all other uji/clans to
  become the ruling force.
• -Amaterasu-Sun Goddess. The Yamato
• were priests and active in building
• shrines to the sun goddess

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SHINTOThe Way of the GodsKami-no-Michi

• Torrigateway to signal sacred ground ahead.
• Clapping Handsattract Gods attention
• Water/Running Waterseen as a purifying
• agent, to remove the obstruction that blocks
• inspiration and divine communication.

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Torri
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Running Water
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Shinto Lion Dance
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Shinto Wedding
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Shinto

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vRgQ4eCc38dM

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7th Century Japan

• Prince Shotoku ruled during childhood. A
• regent ruled in his place. A few important
• dates
• 604Seventeen Article Constitution reverence for
  Buddhism by all Japanese.
• 607-614sends embassies to China to siphon off
  culture
• 629Shotoku dies

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7th Century Japan

• Prince Shotoku 100 Yen

Online-utility.org
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Heian Period (794-1185)

• Emperor Kammu (781-806) moves the capital to
• Heian (modern Kyoto) preserved Tang culture.
• Heians control extended all of Kyushu and
• gained Honshu by the late 8th and 9th centuries.
• Aristocracythey were given land grants in
• recognition of their rank or special service.
  Much of
• the land slipped off the tax rolls as a result.

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Heian Period (794-1185)
Heianjingu.or.jp

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Heian Period (794-1185)

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Heian Period (794-1185)

• Cultural Advancements
• LiteratureThe Tale of Genji by Murasaki
• Shikibu (Lady Murasaki). The life of a prince
• and his personal affairs with court ladies.
• It spoke of manners, dress and court policies.
• Bonsaithe artificial dwarfing of trees and
• shrubs in pots or tubs, originally Chinese.

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Kamakura Period (1192-1333)

• Start of Japanese Feudalism. Kamakura starts
• with a rebellion in 1180.
• Yoritomo and Yoshitsune seized Heian and
• defeated them in battle in 1185.
• Bakufutent government, administration
• established by the Shogun.
• Shogun (Seii-tai)Barbarian Subduing General
• emperors military advisor or chief of staff

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Japanese Feudalism

• Daimyolarge land owners
• Shoenlarge estates, developed their own armies
• to defend their lands. Many shoen were founded
• by families and provincial officials.
• Bushiwarrior descended from the aristocracy
• Samurairetainer
• Equipment
• Swordslong and short
• Helmetsbore clan crest
• Bows and Arrowsas opposed to lances in
• Europe

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Japanese Feudalism

• NOVA Secrets of the Samurai
• http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/secrets-samur
  ai-sword.html

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Japanese Feudalism

• Bushi Code
• HarakiriStomach Cut
• SeppukuDisembowelment

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Rise of Ashikaga

• 1331--Kamakura Shogunate forces the Emperor
• Go-Daigo to abdicate. A revolt ensues.
• Kamakura Shogunate Emperor
• Go-Daigo
• turns against (escapes)
• the Shogun
• -Ashikaga captures
• Ashikaga Takauji sent Kyoto and declares
• to capture the Go-Daigo himself Shogun 1338

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End of Asikaga Period

• Oda Nobunagaa minor fedual lord who
• takes control of Kyoto in 1568. How?
• Destroys Buddhist monastery of Mt. Hiei
• Why?
• 1) They were a threat to future stability
• 2) They played a significant role in both
• the political and military course of
• Japan

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Zen Buddhism

• Brought to Japan from China in 1191 by
• Eisai, a monk.
• Centered on simplicity with out priests or
• temples, quiet contemplation, acceptance of
• nature and strict discipline.
• Meditationclearing and concentrating the
• mind and focused breathing.

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Cultural Diffusion--Arrival of Portuguese

• --Vasco Da Gama reaches an island off the
  southern
• coast of Kyushu.
• --Oda Nobunaga attracted to them by the hope of
  trade
• profits. Nobunaga embraces Western
  technology such
• as firearms and iron cladding on warships.
• --Oda Nobunaga also expresses an interest in
• Christianity and encourages the Portuguese
  as a
• counterweight against Buddhist power.

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Christianity in Japan

• 1549--St. Francis Xavier begins a major
  missionary
• effort in Japan.
• 1582--Oda Nobunaga murdered by his generals
• 1615--Half a million Japanese had become
• converts

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Nobunagas Successor

• Hideyoshi, Nobunagas successor
• 1585conquered the island of Shikoku
• 1590Unified Japan politically especially from
  the
• northern part of Honshu
• He tried to conquer China by going through
  Korea in
• 1592. China helps Korea defeat Japan.
• Tokugawa Ieyasu becomes a vassal for Hideyoshi

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Tokugawa Shogunate (1603-1868)

• Tokugawa Ieyasu
• Significant dates 15431616
• Moves the capital from Kyoto to Edo, Why?

bhoffert.faculty.noctrl.edu
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Tokugawa Shogunate (1603-1868)

• Tokugawa Ieyasu becomes the shogun in 1603.
• How does he consolidate his power and authority?
• 1. Outlaws firearms/swords
• 2. Relocation of Daimyo/Alternate
• Attendance (Sankin kotai)

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Tokugawa Shogunate (1603-1868)

• Outlaws firearms/swords

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Tokugawa Shogunate (1603-1868)

• Relocation of the Daimyo/Alternate Attendance

Csuohio.edu
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Tokugawa Shogunate (1603-1868)

• Other Restrictions
• Shogun could confiscate the land of the daimyo if
  disloyal
• Number of troops of daimyo were limited
• Prohibited from making alliances

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Tokugawa Shogunate (1603-1868)

• Tokugawa Social Order
• Worksheet

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Tokugawa Shogunate (1603-1868)

• Tokugawa Japan
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vOjovMjPU9ug

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Tokugawa Shogunate (1603-1868)

• Tokugawa Cultural Achievements
• BunrakuPuppet plays were popular since women
  were forbidden on stage. The use of puppets got
  around this issue.
• Kubukitype of dramatic theater with a lot of
  human emotions and adventures. Actors performed
  on a revolving stage for quick scene changes.
• Hai kuthree line poems
• All the rains of June
• And one evening, secretly
• Through the pines, the moon