The Age of Jackson

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The Age of Jackson

• AP US History
• Mrs. Lacks

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Essential Question

• Champion of the common man OR King Andrew?

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What were the democratic trends of the early 19th
century?
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Increased Democratization

• White male suffrage increased
• Party nominating committees.
• Electoral votes determined by popular vote
• Rise of Third Parties.
• Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats,
  etc.)
• Two-party system returned in the 1832 election
• Dem-Reps ? Natl. Reps.(1828) ? Whigs (1832) ?
  Republicans (1854)
• Democrats (1828)

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Campaigning on the stump
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Voting Requirements
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Voter Turnout 1820 - 1860
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Jacksons Early Life
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Andrew Jackson

• B. March 15, 1767
• Parents Scot-Irish immigrants
• Grew up in western N or S Carolina
• Joined Tennessee militia at age of 13
• Planter, wealthy slave owner
• Lawyer
• US MC, TN
• Colonel then Major General, War of 1812 (Old
  Hickory)
• US Senator, TN
• Military Governor of Florida
• 7th POTUS

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(No Transcript)
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1st known painting of AJ, 1815
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During the First Seminole War
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1st Presidential Run
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Election of 1824
Henry ClayKY
John Quincy AdamsMA
John C. CalhounSC
William H. CrawfordGA
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Election of 1824 A Corrupt Bargain?
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The John Quincy Adams Administration

• 1825 - 1829

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Opposition to JQA

• Some believed he allowed too much political
  control to be held by elites.
• Some objected to his support of national economic
  development on constitutional grounds.
• Adams believed a strong, active central
  government was necessary.
• A national university.
• An astronomical observatory.
• A naval academy.
• Many Americans saw Adams vision of a might
  nation led by a strong president as a threat to
  individual liberties.

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What were the key issues of the Election of 1828?

• JQA vs. Jackson

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Tariff of Abominations

• Tariff of 1816 ? on imports of cheap textiles.
• Tariff of 1824 ? on iron goods and more expensive
  woolen and cotton imports.
• Tariff of 1828 ? higher tariffs on imported raw
  materials like wool hemp.
• Supported by Jacksonians to gain votes from
  farmers in NY, OH, KY.
• The South alone was adamantly against it.
• As producers of the worlds cheapest cotton, it
  did not need a protective tariff.
• They were negatively impacted ? American textiles
  and iron goods or the taxed English goods were
  more expensive!

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Votes in the House for the Tariff of
Abominations
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• John Quincy Adams
• His land policies gave westerners another reason
  to dislike him.
• He attempted to curb speculation for public lands
  ? his opponent accused him of denying their
  individual rights and freedoms to expand
  westward!
• He supported the land rights of Native Americans
  against white settlers.
• 1825 ? govt. officials negotiated a treaty with a
  group of Creek Indians to cede their land rights
  to GA.
• The Creek Indians appealed to Adams to renounce
  the treaty.
• Congress sided with the governor of GA.

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Election of 1828

• Jacksons campaign was engineered by Senator
  Martin Van Buren of NY
• He wanted to recreate the old Jeffersonian
  coalition of
• Northern farmers and artisans.
• Southern slave owners.
• Farmers with small land holdings.
• He created the Democratic Party from the remains
  of Jeffersons old party
• Created a national committee that oversaw local
  and state party units.
• Mass meetings, parades, picnics.
• A lot of political mudslinging on both sides.

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Rachel Adams
Final Divorce Decree
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Election of 1828
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The New Jackson Coalition

• The Planter Elite in the South
• People on the Frontier
• Artisans competition from factory labor.
• State Politicians ? spoils system
• To the victor belong the spoils of the enemy!
  William Marcy of NY
• Immigrants in the cities.

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Jackson as Satan Dangles the Spoils of Victory
over his Supporters
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Jacksons Faith in the Common Man

• Intense distrust of Eastern establishment,
  monopolies, special privilege.
• His heart soul was with the plain folk.
• Belief that the common man was capable of
  uncommon achievements.
• Put his friends in office, despite their lack of
  knowledge of their post

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President Jackson
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The Peggy Eaton Affair
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The Nullification Crisis

• South Carolina

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New Tariff Conflict

• 1832 --gt new tariff
• South Carolinas reaction?
• Jacksons response?
• Clays Compromise Tariff?

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Clays Sews Up Jacksons Mouth (1834)
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Jacksons Native American Policy
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Jacksons NA Policy

• Jacksons Goal?
• 1830 ? Indian Removal Act
• Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) domestic
  dependent nation
• Worcester v. GA (1832)
• Jackson John Marshall has made his decision, now
  let him enforce it!

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The Cherokee Nation
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Indian Removal
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Trail of Tears (1838-1839)
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Jacksons Professed Love for Native Americans
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Assassination Attempts

• First POTUS that anyone attempted to kill
• First attempt Robert Randolph, Naval officer
  hit AJ over the head with a rock
• Second attempt Richard Lawrence, unemployed
  housepainter, shot at AJ while leaving the
  Capitol gun misfired (twice) AJ beat him with a
  cane

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Assassination Attempts
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Renewing the Charter of the 2nd National Bank
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Jacksons Use of Federal Power
VETO
1830 ? Maysville Road project in KY
state of his political rival, Henry
Clay
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The National Bank Debate
PresidentJackson
NicholasBiddlean arrogant aristocrat from
Philadelphia
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The Monster Is Destroyed!

• Pet Banks
• 1832 ? Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2nd
  National Bank of the United States.
• 1836 ? the charter expired.
• 1841 ? the bank went bankrupt!

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The Downfall of Mother Bank
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The Bank the 1832 Election

• Jackson saw Biddles pushing forward a bill to
  renew the Banks charter earlier as an attempt to
  block his re-election!
• Biddle his associates preferred Clay.
• Jackson refused to sign the bill to re-charter.
• The Bank is trying to destroy me, but I will
  destroy it!
• Jackson drops Calhoun and runs with Martin Van
  Buren.
• BUT, both parties Democrats Whigs had
  contradictory positions regarding their party
  principles, to many of the issues of the day!

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An 1832 Cartoon KingAndrew?
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Positions on the Key Issues of 1832
WHIGS
DEMOCRATS

• Believed that bankers, merchants, and speculators
  were non-producers who used their govt.
  connections to line their own pockets.
• Govt. should have a hands-off approach to the
  economy to allow the little guy a chance to
  prosper.
• For Indian removal.
• Oppose tariffs.
• States rights.
• Oppose federal support for internal improvements.
• Opposed the National Bank.

• Opposed liberal capitalism because they
  believed it would lead to economic chaos.
• Strong national govt. to coordinate the expanding
  economy was critical.
• Opposes Indian removal.
• Favored tariffs.
• Supported a National Bank.

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Election of 1832
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Election of 1836
Martin Van Buren Old KinderhookO. K.
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The Panic of 1837 Hits Everyone!
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Andrew Jackson in retirement

• On the last day of the presidency, Jackson
  admitted that he had but two regrets, that he
  "had been unable to shoot Henry Clay or to hang
  John C. Calhoun."

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Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844(one year before
his death)
1767 - 1845