ABSOLUTISM

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ABSOLUTISM
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Absolute Monarchs

• Kings and Queens who held all of the power within
  their states boundaries.
• Control every aspect of society.
• Believe in divine right God created the monarchy
  and the monarch acted as Gods representative on
  Earth.
• Monarchs answered only to God not subjects.

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Power Grows Because

• Feudalism ends
• Cities grow
• National Kingdoms help to centralize authority
• Growing middle class merchants back monarchs
  because they support business trade
• Wealth of colonies pours into monarchy
• Breakdown of church authority allow monarchs to
  gain greater control

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Crisis lead to Absolutism in the17th Century

• Religious territorial conflicts between states
  led to continuous warfare
• Monarchs build huge armies paid for by levying
  heavy taxes
• Monarchs create government bureaucracies to
  control countries economic, religious, social
  life frees them from limitations imposed by
  nobility/parliament

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EFFECTS OF ABSOLUTISM

• Rulers regulate religious worship and social
  gatherings to control the spread of ideas
• Rulers increase the size of their courts to
  appear more powerful
• Rulers create bureaucracies to control their
  countries economies

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Meet the Tudors
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Henry VIII 1491-1547

• Becomes king 1509
• at age 17
• Athlete
• Musician
• Speaks Latin, Spanish,
• French Italian
• Want male heir!!!

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Catherine of Aragon

• Daughter of Ferdinand Isabella of Spain
• 6 births only one survives Mary
• Married 18 yrs.
• Divorced

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HenryThe Act of Supremacy

• Devout Catholic Pope titles him Defender of
  the Faith
• Asks Pope to annul (set aside) marriage
• Pope refuses Catherines nephew is the Holy
  Roman Emperor Charles V

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Reformation Parliament 1529

• Henry asks Parliament to pass laws ending the
  popes power in England.
• Parliament votes approves the Act of Supremacy
  Henry become official head of the Church of
  England
• Church land riches become Henrys
• Grants own divorce to Catherine

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Anne Boleyn 1501-1536

• Married for 3 yrs.
• 1 daughter Elizabeth
• Accused of adultry
• Beheaded

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Jane Seymour 1509-1537

• Gives birth to Prince Edward (Edward VI)
• Dies soon after birth

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Anne of Cleves 1515-1537

• Selected by a painting
• (From Germany)
• Finds her unattractive
• Annulled marriage after 6 mo.
• Kings Sister

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Cathrine Howard 1522-1542

• Married 3 weeks after divorce from Anne
• Much younger with a lusty reputation
• Past present affairs
• Beheaded

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Katheryn Parr 1512-1548

• Loves another but cannot refuse King
• King is 52, she 31
• Cares for King until his death in 1547
• Marries former suitor
• (Thomas Seymore) but dies 15 mos. after

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Tudor Reigns

• Edward VI 1547-1553
• Takes throne at age 9
• Dies at 16 from tuberulosus

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Mary I 1553-1558

• Bloody Mary
• Orders heretics and Protestants put to death
• Throws Elizabeth into the Tower of London for
  Treason

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Elizabeth I 1558-1603

• The Golden Age
• Never marries but said to love Robert Dudley
  (whose wife dies mysteriously)
• England defeats the Spanish Amada and
• Most powerful navy in the world

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LOUIS XIV1638-1715

• Becomes King at age 5 takes control of
  government at age 22
• The Sun King
• I am the State!

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ART Glorifies King
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The Palace of Versailles
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PROOF OF POWER

• 2.5 billion in 2003
• 36,000 laborers 6,000 horses
• 5,000 acres of gardens, lawns, woods
• 1,400 fountains

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Kings Bedroom
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Queens Bedroom
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The Hall of Mirrors
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Gardens
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Fountains
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